proinflammatory cytokine

GSK2983559 free acid is an effective and selective inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2). GSK2983559 free acid shows excellent activity in blocking many proinflammatory cytokine responses in human inflammatory bowel disease explant samples an

Beclometasone dipropionate (Vancenase) is the dipropionate ester of a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate*free acid) is a corticosteroid used as an analytical and chromatography reagent.

SIRT5 inhibitor 7 (compound 58), a substrate-competitive and selective SIRT5 inhibitor with IC 50 = 310 nM, significantly attenuated renal dysfunction and pathological damage in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and cecum ligation perforation (CLP)-induced septic AKI mice, and modulated proteinsuccinimidylation and proinflammatory cytokine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the kidneys of acute kidney injury (AKI) mice.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1 2, p38, and JNK1 2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

6-OAU (GTPL5846)(GTPL5846; 6-n-octylaminouracil) is a surrogate agonist of GPR84; activates human GPR84 in the presence of Gqi5 chimera in HEK293 cells with an EC50 of 105 nM in the PI assay.

Naringenin chalcone (Isosalipurpol) has antiallergic activity Naringenin chalcone suppresses asthmatic symptoms by inhibiting Th2 cytokine production from CD4 T cells. Naringenin chalcone is a potent tomato flavonoid that improves adipocyte metabolic functions and exerts insulin-sensitizing effects by activating an adiponectin-related pathway. Naringenin chalcone exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages, may be useful for ameliorating the inflammatory changes in obese adipose tissue.

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

Benpyrine is a highly specific and orally active TNF-α inhibitor with a KD value of 82.1 μM and an IC50 value of 0.109 μM. It tightly binds to TNF-α, blocking its interaction with TNFR1, and has potential for TNF-α mediated inflammatory and autoimmune disease research [1].

MSA-2 dimer, a selective and orally active non-nucleotide STING agonist with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 145 μM, demonstrates prolonged antitumor and immunogenic activity. It non-covalently binds to STING as a dimer, showing greater permeability compared to cyclic dinucleotide[1].

Corilagin has anti-inflammatory activity. Corilagin has a significant antitumour potential and lower toxicity in normal cells in vitro.Corilagin can enhance the cytotoxicity of both cisplatin and doxorubicin on the Hep3B hepatoma cells.Corilagin has antiviral activity, reduces the cytotoxicity induced by EV71 or CA16 on Vero cells with and IC50 value of 5.6 and 32.33 μg mL, respectively. Corilagin shows the potential to protect against HSV-1-induced encephalitis, and the beneficial effects may be mediated by inhibiting TLR2 signaling pathways.Corilagin has antifibrotics property and is potentiated in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF), attenuates bleomycin-induced epithelial injury and fibrosis via inactivation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling. Solvent:Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.

MIF-IN-1 (compound 14) is a potent inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with a pIC50 of 6.87, targeting a proinflammatory cytokine linked to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders [1].

AS1940477 is p38 MAPK inhibitor. AS1940477 inhibited the enzymatic activity of recombinant p38α and β isoforms but showed no effect against other 100 protein kinases including p38γ and δ isoforms. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, AS1940477 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or phytohemagglutinin A (PHA)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 at low concentrations (LPS TNFα, IC(50)=0.45n M; PHA TNFα, IC(50)=0.40 nM). In addition, equivalent concentrations of AS1940477 that inhibited cytokine production also inhibited TNFα- and IL-1 β-induced production of IL-6, PGE(2), and MMP-3 in human synovial stromal cells. AS1940477 was also found to potently inhibit TNF production in whole blood (IC(50)=12 nM) and effectively inhibited TNFα production induced by systemically administered LPS in rats at less than 0.1mg kg (ED(50)=0.053 mg kg) with an anti-inflammatory effect lasting for 20h after oral administration. Overall, this stu......

TLR9-IN-18 is a potent and selective TLR9 antagonist. TLR9-IN-18 suppresses the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in a CpG-induced mouse model.

Semapimod is an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production, capable of suppressing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It hinders TLR4 signaling with an IC50 of approximately 0.3 μM, impedes p38 MAPK, and reduces nitric oxide production in macrophages. This compound shows promise for treating various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders [1] [2] [3].

Drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DrotAA), a recombinant human activated protein C (APC), mitigates smoke-induced elevations in pulmonary microvascular permeability and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels in rats. It also inhibits coagulation and inflammation while enhancing fibrinolysis. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) is applicable in severe sepsis research [1] [2].

Prostaglandin E2 Ethanolamide (PGE 2 -EA), an analog of PGE2, is enzymatically synthesized through COX-2 oxygenation of endocannabinoids. It has the potential to modulate the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in human blood and monocytic cells [1] [2].

Beclomethasone Dipropionate-d6 is a deuterated compound of Beclomethasone Dipropionate. Beclomethasone Dipropionate has a CAS number of 5534-09-8. Beclomethasone Dipropionate is the dipropionate ester of a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.

Galeopsin shows potential anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, it has anti-proliferative effect on several cancer cell lines.