oxidative stress injury

Rosamultin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory/antinociceptive properties,and has anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity.

Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Magnesium Lithospermate B is a natural product activates eNOS and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by enhancing vasodilation in addition to reducing oxidative stress, it can protecte cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury through specific inhibition of TAB1-p38 apoptosis signaling.improves renal failure.

Phillyrin (Forsythin) is a novel AMPK activator, has anti-obesity effects in nutritive obesity mice, it can prevent lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1/AMPK activation. Phillyrin(Forsythin) may be a new preventive agent of acute lung injury in the clinical setting, it potentially contributes to the suppression of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) has a protective effect on focal cerebral ischemic injury through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms; it may be a potential neuroprotective agent for cerebral ischemia injury, that the effect may be due to its ability to inhibit oxidative stress and expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1.Oxysophoridine ameliorates cardiac damage in a rat model of AMI and that this cardioprotection may be linked with its anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Monascuspiloin (Monascinol), a compound extracted from rice fermented with Rhodobacter sphaeroides, exhibits antiandrogenic and antitumor activity and inhibits the proliferation of PC-3 and LNCaP.Monascuspiloin improves lipid metabolism and hepatic function in over-alcohol-addicted mice by decreasing hepatic MDA levels and increasing hepatic CAT, SOD and GSH levels.Monascuspiloin has been shown to improve lipid metabolism and hepatic function in over-alcoholized mice. Monascuspiloin regulates the transcription and protein expression of genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, and can be used to study alcohol-induced liver injury.

Crocin II (Crocetin gentiobiosylglucosyl ester) has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects against gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, the effect of crocin is mainly mediated by reducing the protein expression of iNOS and caspase-3. Crocin II can ameliorate CCl4-induced liver injury via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, caspase3 and oxidative stress along with modulation of liver metabolizing enzymes favoring elimination of CCl4 toxic metabolite. Crocin II has antihyperlipidemic effect, may be due to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase and crocin, and its metabolite, Crocin II , can improve hyperlipidemia. Crocin has antidepressant effects by increasing CREB, BDNF and VGF levels in hippocampus.

Corilagin has anti-inflammatory activity. Corilagin has a significant antitumour potential and lower toxicity in normal cells in vitro.Corilagin can enhance the cytotoxicity of both cisplatin and doxorubicin on the Hep3B hepatoma cells.Corilagin has antiviral activity, reduces the cytotoxicity induced by EV71 or CA16 on Vero cells with and IC50 value of 5.6 and 32.33 μg/mL, respectively. Corilagin shows the potential to protect against HSV-1-induced encephalitis, and the beneficial effects may be mediated by inhibiting TLR2 signaling pathways.Corilagin has antifibrotics property and is potentiated in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF), attenuates bleomycin-induced epithelial injury and fibrosis via inactivation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling. Solvent:Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I/R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

Liquiritin apioside has antioxidant property by inducing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis via the inhibition of cytokines and protected lung epithelial cells against cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress, might be as protective agent against epithelial

1. Sauchinone is a useful adjunctive treatment for bacterial infection. 2. Sauchinone, an active lignan found in Saururus chinensis, to regulate the activation of HSCs, to prevent liver fibrosis, and to inhibit oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. 3. Sa

1. Curculigoside (Curculigoside A) can prevent bone loss , improve osteogenesis and inhibit osteoclastogenesis of hAFSCs, suggesting its potential use to regulate hAFSC osteogenic differentiation for treating bone disorders. 2. Curculigoside can promote calcium deposition and increase the levels of ALP and Runx2 in osteoblasts under oxidative stress via anti-oxidative character. 3. Curculigoside possesses potent antioxidant properties against oxidative stress insults. can protect endothelial cells against oxidative injury induced by H2O2, suggesting that this compound may constitute a promising intervention against cardiovascular disorders.

Celosin K (compound 8), isolated from Semen Celosiae seeds, effectively inhibits t-BHP-induced neuronal injury. It mitigates oxidative stress, prevents apoptosis, and promotes autophagy [1].

Safflor Yellow A protects cultured rat cardiomyocytes against A R injury, maybe via inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Camellianin A is a flavonoid series of compounds derived from A. nitida and tea that exhibits anticancer activity, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and promotes apoptosis in Hep G2 and MCF-7 cells.Camellianin A prevents CCl4-induced liver injury by exerting anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Pinoresinol ((+)-Pinoresinol) has antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and fungicidal activities, it can protect pial microcirculation from I-reperfusion injury, to increase nitric oxide release and to reduce oxidative stress preserving pial blood flow distribution; it may exert pharmacologically interesting effects via modulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway in C.elegans. Pinoresinol causes an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels, inhibits NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1).

Monomethyl lithospermate (Lithospermic acid monomethyl ester) has potential antiviral activity, alleviating ischemic stroke injury in vivo in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice by activating PI5K/Akt signaling and protecting oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced SHSY-3Y cells in vitro. Monomethyl lithospermate could improve the viability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) collapse, and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of middle artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and improved nerve damage in ischemic stroke (IS) rats.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin is a natural curcumin derivative that activates the AMPKα pathway to attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury; reversibly inhibits tyrosinase and possesses anti-browning ability; enhances the antiprostate cancer efficacy of docetaxel (DTX); targets cellular pathways involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis; and is an anticancer agent.