outgrowth

1. Negletein (7-O-Methylbaicalein) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities via inhibition of TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β. 2. Negletein as a neuroprotectant enhances the action of nerve growth factor and induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. 3. Negletein shows a comparable redox-active potential, and it (50 μM, 4 h) can activate Nrf2. 4. Negletein shows significant antimicrobial activity. 5. Negletein has anti-hypoxia activity, it can significantly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice.6. Negletein has anti- Alzheimer's disease activity, it inhibits the iron-dependent formation of ROS and also blocks the iron-induced oligomerization of amyloid beta 42 in vitro. 7. Negletein (IC50: 3.89 +/- 0.39 microM) exhibits potent inhibitory activity against nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor.

Deoxyandrographolide (14-deoxyandrographolide) potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Deoxyandrographolide suppresses the production of proinflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6.

Lactacystin is an orally active, irreversible, and cell-permeable proteasome inhibitor (IC50 = 4.8 μM) that also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A. It induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, possesses anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and is commonly used in the construction of Parkinson’s disease and dementia models.

Picroside I (6'-Cinnamoylcatalpol), a hepatoprotective agent, is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B. It has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may be the valuable anti-invasive drug candidates for cancer therapy by suppressing Collagenases and Gelatinases. Picroside I can enhance basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)-, staurosporine- or dbc-mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells.

Eudesmin shows antiinflammatory, neuritogenic, anticonvulsant and sedative effects, the mechanism of eudesmin may be related to up-regulation of GABAA and GAD65 expressions, and anti-apoptosis of neuron the in brain.50 microM (+)-eudesmin can induce neurite outgrowth and enhance nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by stimulating up-stream MAPK, PKC and PKA pathways.

1. Notoginsenosides Fa and R4 show significant neurite outgrowth enhancing activities in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.

1. Nardosinone has inhibitory effect on Ang II-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cells, might be mediated by targeting PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. 2. Nardosinone could protect against the neuronal injury exposed to OGD, which may be relevant to the

Scabronine M, a novel inhibitor, impedes NGF-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells.

NG-012, a nerve growth factor (NGF) potentiator, was isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium verruculosum F-4542. It enhances neurite outgrowth as induced by NGF in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) [1].

Kissoone C (compound 3), a sesquiterpene with a three-membered ring structure, has been isolated from valerian root. This compound has been found to promote nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells [1].

Erinacine U, a cyanogen diterpene extracted from Hericium erinaceus, exhibits neurotrophic properties and significantly enhances neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells [1].

Cerevisterol is a cytotoxic steroid, can inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase alpha. It can stimulate NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells.

Galgravin has anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, it can promote neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, protect hippocampal neurons against amyloid beta peptide (Abeta25-35)-induced cytotoxicity, and protect against neuronal death from 1-met

Indocarbazostatin B inhibits NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells at a minimum effective concentration of 24 nM.

14-Norpseurotin A shows good antileishmanial and moderate anticancer activities. It also displays significant antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus lysoleikticus with MICs of 3.74, 14.97, and 7.49 microM , r

4,10-Aromadendranediol exhibits neurite outgrowth-inducing activity in neurons via activation of the ERK signaling pathway, which may be beneficial to the treatment of brain diseases.

Gentiside B is a potent inducer of neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells, it shows a significant neuritogenic activity at 30 microM against PC12 cells that is comparable to that seen for the best nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration of 40 ng/mL.

Gentiside J is a potent inducer of neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells.

Isodunnianol exhibits anti-AChE activity with an IC50 value of 13.0 uM; it also exhibits neurite outgrowth-promoting activity at the concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 uM in the primary cultured rat cortical neurons. Isodunnianol, dunnianol, and Macrant

(-)-Neuchromenin is an inducer of neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells at concentration of 2.5-10 ug/ml.

Secologanin dimethyl acetal induces significant neurite outgrowth.

Broussonins A and B, new phytoalexins from diseased paper mulberry. Broussonin B can induce neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells at concentration of 50 microg/ml, and show moderate inhibitory activities against a chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome.B

2,6,4'-Trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone shows weak inhibitory activity of testosterone 5alpha-reductase, it also shows significant inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity. 2,6,4'-Trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone has neurotrophic activity, it induced neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells at concentration of 50 microg/ml. 2,6,4′-Trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone exhibits low cytotoxic effect against HeLa and 3T3 cell lines with IC50 values of 132 ug/ml and 158 ug/ml, repectively. It also shows antioxidant activity on DPPH with IC50 of 10.57 ug/mL.

Glycoside H2 enhances neurite outgrowth mediated by nerve growth factor (NGF).