messenger

SKI V is a potent and noncompetitive non-lipid sphingosine kinase (SPHK; SK) inhibitor (GST-hSK,IC50 : 2 μM), and is a PI3K inhibitor(hPI3k,IC50 : 6 μM), induces apoptosis and has antitumor activity

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity, catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. It binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an agonist for S1P1-5 receptors and a ligand for GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12. As an intracellular second messenger, it mobilizes Ca2+ and acts as an extracellular ligand for G-protein coupled receptors. This important lipid mediator is generated from sphingosine or other membrane phospholipids.

Cyclic-di-GMP disodium (5GP-5GP disodium) is a STING agonist and a second messenger in bacteria. It is involved in a variety of processes in prokaryotes, including biofilm formation, motility, and cell cycle progression. Cyclic-di-GMP disodium (5GP-5GP disodium) exhibits antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, inducing increased CD4 receptor expression and cell cycle arrest, and is a novel therapeutic agent that can be developed to prevent or treat cancer.

BI-9321 trihydrochloride (BI9321 trihydrochloride) is a selective and potent NSD3-PWWP1 antagonist that downregulates Myc messenger RNA expression and reduces proliferation in MOLM-13 cells.

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is an effective calcium mobilization second messenger synthesized from NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclase. It mainly increases cytosolic calcium through Ryanodine receptor-mediated endoplasmic reticulum release and extracellular influx via the opening of TRPM2 channels.

3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole is a specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor that affects the synthesis of the intercellular messenger NO throughout the brain and body.

N6-Methyladenosine is a methylated adenine residue, glycoside is an endogenous uridine product of transfer RNA degradation. It is the most prevalent internal modification of messenger RNA present in all higher eukaryotes and can modify viral RNA with antiviral activity.

Kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (Ksg (hydrochloride hydrate))(Ksg) specifically inhibits translation initiation of canonical but not of leaderless messenger RNAs. Ksg inhibition is thought to occur by direct competition with initiator transfer RNA

2',3'-cGAMP (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity, catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. It binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

Cyclic-di-GMP, a STING agonist and ubiquitous second messenger, regulates biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in various bacterial species.

cGAMP is an endogenous second messenger in metazoans and triggers interferon production in response to cytosolic DNA. It also is a STING ligand.

cGAMP disodium is a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) found in bacteria that acts as an endogenous second messenger affecting interferon production in response to cytoplasmic DNA. cGAMP disodium cascades signals from type I interferons and other immune mediators by activating interferon gene stimulator (STING). cGAMP disodium is a potent sublingual immune adjuvant that enables better immune function (serum anti-PA neutralization and airway secretions anti-PA SIgA response).

D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate hexapotassium salt is a second messenger that promotes the release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum.

NLRP3-IN-51 (Compound 3q) is an effective activator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). This compound demonstrates potential for treating gouty arthritis as it inhibits the production of IL-1β in THP-1 cells induced by monosodium urate (MSU). Furthermore, NLRP3-IN-51 suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 triggered by MSU without impacting the self-cleavage and activation of NLRP3, pro-caspase 1, or the second messenger caspase-1. Therefore, the initial stage of NLRP3 inhibition by NLRP3-IN-51 occurs through the activation of CAP.

Adenosine Kinase siRNA-2 is a small interfering RNA that targets adenosine kinase messenger RNA (mRNA).

VPC-80051 is an hnRNP A1 splicing activity inhibitor that directly interacts with the hnRNP A1 RBD and reduces AR-V7 messenger levels in the 22Rv1 CRPC cell line. VPC-80051 is applicable in prostate cancer research.

E7107 is a first-in-class inhibitor of precursor messenger ribonucleic acid spliceosome.

Dezapelisib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the delta isoform of the 110 kDa catalytic subunit of class I phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K). INCB040093 prevents both the production of the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisp

5'-pApA is a linearized form of cyclic di-AMP, a bacterial second messenger that activates the host innate immune system through stimulator of interferon genes (STING).1,2,3,4It is a metabolite of cyclic di-AMP formedviahydrolysis by various phosphodiesterases (PDEs).55'-pApA is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-AMP signaling. 1.Burdette, D.L., Monroe, K.M., Sotelo-Troha, K., et al.STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic-di-GMPNature478(7370)515-518(2011) 2.Parvatiyar, K., Zhang, Z., Teles, R.M., et al.DDX41 recognizes bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I interferon immune responseNat. Immunol.13(12)1155-1161(2012) 3.Woodward, J.J., Iavarone, A.T., and Portnoy, D.A.c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon responseScience328(5986)1703-1705(2010) 4.Witte, C.E., Whiteley, A.T., Burke, T.P., et al.Cyclic di-AMP is critical for Listeria monocytogenes growth, cell wall homeostasis, and establishment of infectionmBio4(3)e00282-00213(2013) 5.Fahmi, T., Port, G.C., and Cho, K.H.c-di-AMP: An essential molecule in the signaling pathways that regulate the viability and virulence of gram-positive bacteriaGenes (Basel)8(8)197(2017)

Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a second messenger produced by bacteria but not by mammals. Generated by a family of diadenylate cyclases, c-di-AMP can impact bacterial cell growth, cell wall homeostasis, pathogenicity, and other cellular functions. Bacteria-derived cyclic dinucleotides, including c-di-AMP, trigger the expression of interferon genes in mammalian cells.

NAADP sodium is a Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger that targets a novel Ca(2+) channel located on acidic organelles and indirectly activates TPC by binding to NAADP-binding proteins (NAADP-BPs) that form part of the TPC complex, which can be used to study cancer and immune dysfunction.F13714 fumarate is used in the study of leukemia.GSK321 is used in the study of leukemia.GSK321 is used in the study of leukemia.

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate tripotassium (Ins(1,4,5)-P3 tripotassium) is a second messenger in cellular signal transduction that triggers Ca2+ mobilization.

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate trisodium (Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate trisodium) is a second messenger produced in cells by the phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. It binds to Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors, resulting in the opening of calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium.