inflammatory factors

Naphazoline hydrochloride (Naphazoline HCl) is an adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.

Hydrangenol is a natural product and can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol is an antiphotoaging compound with oral activity. Hydrangenol can reduce MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increase moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level, result in preventing wrinkle formation.

Ciclopirox (HOE296b) exerts its action by binding to and chelating trivalent cations, such as Fe3+ and Al3+, thereby inhibiting the availability of essential co-factors for enzymes. Ciclopirox is a synthetic, broad-spectrum antifungal agent with additional antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This may lead to a loss of activity of enzymes that are essential for cellular metabolism, the organization of cell wall structure and other crucial cell functions. In addition, ciclopirox exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase (COX).

Isotretinoin (13-cis-Retinoic acid) binds to and activates nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which act as transcription factors that promote cell differentiation and apoptosis. This naturally occurring retinoic acid has potential antineoplastic activity, exhibits immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory responses, and inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, thereby decreasing polyamine synthesis and keratinization.

Allicin exerts antioxidant, bactericidal, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities, it exerts an inhibitory immunomodulatory effect on intestinal epithelial cells. Allicin could significantly inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells' proliferation and migration induced by insulin, which may be related to the inhibition of the activation of ERK signal path. Allicin is beneficial in reducing blood cholesterol, triglycerides levels and systolic blood pressure in hypercholesterolemic rats, it may beneficially affect two risk factors for atherosclerosis-hyperlipidemia and hypertension.

AZ12601011 is an orally active, selective and potent TGFBR1 kinase inhibitor.AZ12601011 inhibits the release of inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inhibits the growth of breast tumors.AZ12601011 directly binds to TGF-βR1 and blocks downstream Smad3 activation, which can be used to prevent renal fibrosis.

Thalifendine is one of the main products of Berberine demethylation catalyzed by CYP51 (secreted by intestinal flora), which has anti-inflammatory effects, reduces intestinal inflammation, improves intestinal barrier function, and reduces the production of inflammatory factors.

SB-657510 is a urotensin II (UII) receptor (UT) antagonist. The Ki values of UT for human, monkey, cat, rat and mouse were 61, 17, 30, 65 and 56 nM, respectively. SB-657510 plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting UII-induced inflammatory mediators, such as adhesion molecules, in human vascular endothelial cells and upregulation of cytokines and tissue factors. SB 657510 has a therapeutic effect on diabetes-related atherosclerotic disease in diabetic mouse models.

Triphenyl phosphate can disrupt placental tryptophan metabolism by activating MAOA/ROS/NFκB, leading to abnormal neural behavior. It promotes oxidative stress by inducing inflammatory factors such as nuclear factor κ B (NFκB), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α. Additionally, triphenyl phosphate may cause allergic contact dermatitis.

X-17 is a potent Vanin-1 inhibitor known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It reduces the expression of inflammatory factors and inhibits myeloperoxidase activity, while enhancing colonic glutathione reserves and restoring the intestinal barrier.

IAV replication-IN-1 (compound 3h) can reduce the upregulation of inflammatory factors and apoptosis caused by IAV infection and alleviate lung damage resulting from IAV infection.

FKK6 is a selective agonist of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) with an EC50 of 1.2 µM. It demonstrates strong affinity for plasma proteins and exhibits favorable metabolic characteristics in human microsomes. FKK6 inhibits the PXR-related NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the expression of inflammatory factors and showing anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis.

SI-W052 is an orally active, brain-penetrant, and selective small molecule inhibitor that targets mTOR and TEX264. It activates autophagy by inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation, enhances TEX264 expression to promote endoplasmic reticulum renewal, and suppresses the release of LPS-induced inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6). SI-W052 shows potential for research into neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

SIK2-IN-3 is an orally active selective inhibitor of SIK1/2 with IC50 values of 0.128/0.084 μM. It hinders the phosphorylation of CRTC3 and suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory factors in myeloid cells. Additionally, SIK2-IN-3 alleviates systemic and tissue inflammatory responses in a mouse anti-CD40 colitis model.

TFC-007 is a selective and efficient hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) inhibitor, suppressing inflammatory factors. It can be used to synthesize H-PGDS degrader PROTAC (H-PGDS)-1 and study cedar pollen-induced guinea pig allergic rhinitis.

4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide (4-OOH-CY) is an active metabolite of Cyclophosphamide that induces hepatotoxicity.4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide increases levels of glutaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, enhances inflammatory factors and oxidative markers, and Inhibits oxidoreductase activity.4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is used in the study of cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Rosarin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Rosarin supresses the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1 β, and TNF- α in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice .

Penehyclidine hydrochloride (Penequinine hydrochloride) is an M1 and M3 antagonist and activates NF-κB in lung tissue. Penehyclidine hydrochloride inhibits the release of inflammatory factors and shows anticholinergic properties.

CSF1R-IN-4 is a potent CSF-1R inhibitor that can modulate the exchange of inflammatory factors between TAM and glioma cells, presenting potential for cancer research [EGFR-IN-40].

CSF1R-IN-5 is a potent CSF1R inhibitor that can influence the exchange of inflammatory factors between TAM and glioma cells, and has potential applications in cancer disease research.

JAK-IN-23 is an orally active dual JAK STAT and NF-κB inhibitor that inhibits JAK1 (IC50: 8.9 nM), JAK2 (IC50: 15 nM), and JAK3 (IC50: 46.2 nM). It exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the release of various pro-inflammatory factors. JAK-IN-23 can be used to study inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

DHU-Se1 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that stimulates the release of reactive selenium compounds from macrophages and reduces the expression of cellular inflammatory factors such as iNOS and TNF-α. Additionally, DHU-Se1 blocks the polarization of macrophages from M0 to M1, thereby alleviating the inflammatory process.

Tert-butyl 4-[[1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-2-oxopyridin-4-yl]methyl]piperazine-1-carboxylate inhibit of human recombinant EGLN-1 as substrate after 20 mins by mass spectrophotometric analysis.

Wilforine, a sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid, is an important bioactive compound in T. wilfordii plants and is effective in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Wilforine exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect, which might be mediated by the down-regulation of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and NO. Additionally, it has insecticidal activity by inhibiting the Na+-K+-ATPase in the central nervous system.