disease

Finerenone (BAY-948862) is a nonsteroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) (IC₅₀=18 nM) with selective and oral activity. Finerenone is used in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes.

MPTP hydrochloride is a dopamine neurotoxin and the precursor of MPP⁺. It can induce apoptosis and has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. MPTP hydrochloride is toxic to dopaminergic neurons and is commonly used for the construction of Parkinson's disease animal models.

Selisistat (EX-527) is a potent and specific inhibitor of the deacetylase SIRT1 (IC₅₀ = 38 nM) and can be utilized in the study of neurological disorders such as Huntington's chorea.

Colivelin is a neuroprotective peptide and activator of STAT3. Colivelin is a hybrid peptide synthesized to enhance the neuroprotective effects of humanin (HN).

A2A receptor antagonist 1 (CPI-444 analog) is an inhibitor of the adenosine A2A receptor and A1 receptor with Ki values of 4 nM and 264 nM, respectively.

GSK2292767 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ.

Atenolol (Tenormin) is a selective β1 receptor antagonist.

Galanthamine hydrobromide (Galantamine hydrobromide), a long-acting and centrally active AChE inhibitor (IC₅₀:410 nM), is an allosteric potentiator at neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors.

Imiquimod (R 837) is an immune response modifier and a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with antiviral and antitumor effects. It is used in the study of external genital warts, perianal warts, cancer, and COVID-19, and is commonly employed to induce psoriasis models.

Pranoprofen (Pyranoprofen) (INN) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in ophthalmology.

Betahistine dihydrochloride (Betahistine 2HCl) is a histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator.

Inosine (NSC-20262), an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by the catabolism of adenosine, is an agonist of adenosine receptors A1R and A2AR. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects.

Ambroxol (NA-872) is a secretolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Lasolvan or Mucoangin. The substance is a mucoactive drug with several properties including secretolytic and secretomotoric actions that restore the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract which play an important role in the body's natural defense mechanisms. It stimulates synthesis and release of surfactant by type II pneumocytes. Surfactants act as an anti-glue factor by reducing the adhesion of mucus to the bronchial wall, in improving its transport and in providing protection against infection and irritating agents.

Nicergoline (Nicergolinum) is an ergot derivative used to treat senile dementia and other disorders with vascular origins.

Benztropine mesylate (Benztropine methanesulfonate) is a centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.

Torsemide (AC-4464) is an anilinopyridine sulfonylurea belonging to the class of loop diuretics. Torsemide has a prolonged duration of action compared to other loop diuretics, is extensively protein bound in plasma and has a relatively long half-life.

Pramipexole (SND 919) is a selective dopamine receptor agonist used in the therapy of Parkinson disease. Pramipexole therapy is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations during treatment but has not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Rivastigmine tartrate (SDZ-ENA 713) is a carbamate-derived reversible CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR that is selective for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and is used for the treatment of DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE.

J-147 is an experimental drug with reported effects against both Alzheimer's disease and ageing in mouse models of accelerated aging. It is a curcumin derivative and a potent neurogenic and neuroprotective drug candidate initially developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging that impacts many pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.

Memantine, an amantadine derivative with some dopaminergic effects, has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent and has may be used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It acts on the glutamatergic system by blocking NMDA receptors.

Vonoprazan Fumarate (TAK438) , a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, inhibits gastric acid secretion. Vonoprazan Fumarate (TAK438) inhibited H+,K+-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with IC₅₀ value of 19 nM at pH 6.5.

Carbidopa monohydrate (S(-)-Carbidopa) is an inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase, preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine.

Ropinirole hydrochloride (SKF-101468A) is a selective dopamine D2 receptors agonist (Ki: 29 nM). Ropinirole hydrochloride (SKF-101468A) is the hydrochloride salt form of ropinirole, a non-ergot dopamine agonist with antiparkinsonian property.

1. Nootkatone can provide effective tick control. 2. (+)-Nootkatone has antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activities. 3. Nootkatone can prevent obesity and improve physical performance through AMPK activation in skeletal muscle and liver.