cyclooxygenase

Rutaecarpine (Rhetine) is an inhibitor of COX-2 with IC50 of 0.28 μM.

Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a COX inhibitor that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 (IC50=113.7 25.8 μM). Acetaminophen has antipyretic and analgesic activity as well as weak anti-inflammatory activity.

Ginsenoside Rd (Gypenoside VIII) may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.

beta-Amyrone (β-Amyron) has antifungal activity against Chikungunya virus replication with an EC50 of 86 uM. beta-Amyrone has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the expression of COX-2. beta-Amyrone exhibits anti-α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and moderate AChE activity. β-Amyrone can be used in the research of disease like inflammation, infection, and obesity.

Anemarsaponin B has anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-treated RAW 264.7macrophages, the effect is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity, possibly via the p38 MAP kinase pathway. Anemarsaponin B can inhibit PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro.

[8]-Shogaol is a component of ginger and maintains anti-inflammatory activity as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.

Gnetol competitivity inhibits butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 1.3 uM). Gnetol has a strong inhibitory effect on murine tyrosinase activity. Gnetol significantly suppresses melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. It is active in the inhibition of a

Madecassic acid (L-fucopyranose) is extracted from the whole herb of Centella asiatica.

Xanthohumol, also known as 2', 4, 4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-prenylchalcone or desmethylxanthohumol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-prenylated chalcones. It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects.

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) possess an ability to inhibit the lung metastasis of tumor cells via inhibition of the adhesion and invasion of tumor cells. It inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) and has anti-angiogenesis activities.

Asaraldehyde (2,4,5-trimethoxy-Benzaldehyde), a natural COX-2 inhibitor, exhibits 17-fold selectivity than COX-1.

Guaiacol (2-Methoxyphenol) is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenol and vanillin. Its derivatives are used medicinally as an expectorant, antiseptic, and local anesthetic. It also can be used as an indicator in chemical reactions that produce oxygen. When oxygen binds to it, the complex turns yellowish brown and absorbs light maximally at about 470 nm.

(-)-Catechin ((-)-Cianidanol), an isomer of catechin, inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Methyl salicylate (Gaultheria oil) is an organic ester naturally produced by many species of plants, particularly wintergreens. For acute joint and muscular pain, methyl salicylate is used as a rubefacient and analgesic in deep heating liniments.

Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid derivative from plants and fruits, possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and blood pressure-lowering properties.

(+)-Catechin Hydrate is an antioxidant flavonoid of plant origin; a free radical scavenger, preventing free radical-mediated damage in a variety of biological systems.

Paradol ([6]-Gingerone) is a pungent phenolic substance found in ginger and other Zingiberaceae plants, and exhibits a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities,neuroprotective Effects.

Lornoxicam (Chlortenoxicam) (chlortenoxicam) is a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Lornoxicam differs from other oxicam compounds in its potent inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, a property that explains the particularly pronounced efficacy of the drug. Lornoxicam is approved for use in Japan.

Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid), a natural compound extracted from Willow bark, is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor of activity cyclooxygenase.

Sodium salicylate (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt), a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid, can inhibit NF-kB and reduce oxidative stress.

Catechin (Cianidanol) is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.

syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg mL. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.