bloodstream

Probucol (DH-581), an anti-hyperlipidemic drug, can lower the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream by increasing the LDL catabolic rate.

Xanthanol(NSC 4038) is used to test the levels of urea in the bloodstream.

Hesperadin(IC50=250 nM) effectively inhibits Aurora B. It potently reduces the activity of AMPK, MAPKAP-K1, MKK1, Lck, CHK1 and PHK, but it could not inhibit MKK1 activity in vivo.

Cimlanod is a second-generation Nitroxyl (HNO) donor for heart failure with positive lusitropic and inotropic as well as vasodilatory effects. Cimlanod delivers HNO via pH-dependent chemical breakdown when exposed to the neutral pH environment of the bloo

YHS-12, a ionizable cationic lipid (pKa = 6.506), has been utilized both in vitro and in vivo for delivering siRNA and mRNA via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). These LNPs comprise YHS-12 and a targeting peptide CRVLRSGSC aimed at macrophages, encapsulating chimeric antigen receptor mRNA targeted at methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and siRNA against caspase-11. The LNPs have enhanced the phagocytic efficiency against MRSA in RAW 264.7 macrophages and primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Administered intravenously, these LNPs have reduced bacterial load in the bloodstream and increased survival rates in a sepsis model in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.

Burixafor (also known as TG-0054) is an orally available inhibitor of the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) with receptor binding and hematopoietic stem cell mobilization activities. By binding to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, Burixafor blocks the binding and subsequent activation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) with the CXCR4 receptor, potentially facilitating the mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. Note: Elemental analysis shows that this compound is a salt containing 3 HBr and 3 water molecules.

Tizoprolic acid is an antilipolytic compound that also functions to reduce ketone bodies in the bloodstream.

Hemorphin 4 is an endogenous opioid peptide of the hemorphin family which has antinociceptive properties and is derived from the β-chain of hemoglobin in the bloodstream.

DB-766 is a potential chemotherapeutic candidate for Chagas' disease treatment. DB-766 exhibits strong trypanocidal activity and excellent selectivity for bloodstream trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes (Y strain), giving IC(50)s of 60 and 25 nM

(2-Pyridyldithio)-PEG1-hydrazine is a one-unit cleavable polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker specifically designed for the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This linker offers the advantage of controlled release of the drug payload from the ADC construct. It is utilized in the conjugation process between the antibody and the cytotoxic drug, enabling the targeted delivery of the drug to cancer cells. The (2-pyridyldithio) group of this linker provides stability during circulation in the bloodstream, while the hydrazine moiety allows for efficient drug release at the tumor site. Overall, the (2-pyridyldithio)-PEG1-hydrazine linker serves as a valuable tool in the development of targeted chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment.

MPEG-2000-DSPE sodium is a phospholipid PEG conjugate with hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. It is utilized in liposome synthesis to enhance the hydrophilicity of liposomes, thereby prolonging their circulation in the bloodstream. This compound is commonly employed for the investigation of anticancer and antimalarial agents.

Temocillin disodium (BRL 17421 disodium) is a carbapenem antibiotic with antimicrobial activity that can be used to study urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, central nervous system infections, skin and soft tissue infections, surgical site infections and bone and joint infections.

Probucol is an anti-hyperlipidemic drug initially developed in the treatment of coronary artery disease by lowering the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream by increasing the rate of LDL catabolism.

Glycerol or glycerin is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is an important component of trigl

The truncated glucagon-like peptides GLP-1(7-37) is naturally occurring peptide product of the preproglucagon gene that are synthesized primarily in the intestine and acts as incretin that are released from the intestine into the bloodstream in response to food and stimulate insulin secretion. GLP-1(7-37) produced a dose-related enhancement of the glucose-stimulated increase in plasma insulin concentration and an increased rate of glucose infusion in Sprague-Dawley Rats at a dosing rang of 0.5, 5, or 50 pmol min kg. Further, infusion of GLP-1(7-37) for 60 mins produced a small transitory increase in plasma insulin concentration in fasted rats and fed rats and a slight transitory decrease in plasma glucose concentration. Moreover, GLP-1(7-37) (5 pmol min kg IV) infusion for 6 h in Sprague-Dawley rats produced a sustained increase in plasma insulin concentration relative to levels in rats infused with vehicle[1].

NEU617 is an inhibitor of the growth of protozoan parasites, against T. brucei bloodstream proliferation.

MIF-1 TFA (Melanostatin), an intrinsic brain peptide, serves as a powerful allosteric modulator of the dopamine receptor. It plays a crucial role in regulating melanin production and modifies the analgesic efficacy by inhibiting the opioid receptor's effects. Significantly, MIF-1 TFA can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) directly, facilitating its access from the bloodstream to the central nervous system (CNS) [1] [2] [3].

Biotinyl-Glucagon (1-29), encompassing human, bovine, and porcine versions, is a biotinylated form of glucagon. This peptide hormone, synthesized by the pancreas's α-cells, elevates glucose and fatty acid levels in the bloodstream [1] [2].

Omodenbamab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting Staphylococcal protein A (SpA), exhibits a dissociation constant (K D) of 0.0467 nM, effectively countering a crucial S. aureus evasion strategy by focusing on the cell wall component Protein A (SpA). It is applicable in the study of S. aureus bloodstream infections [1].

Antitrypanosomal agent 12, a C20-phenylthiourea, exhibits trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities, demonstrating antitrypanosomal activity with GI50 values of 0.22 μM. It induces faster cell swelling in bloodstream-form trypanosomes compared to Salinomycin [1].

PEX5-PEX14 PPI-IN-1 (Compound 8) is a PEX14-PEX5 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor with an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 53 μM that disrupts the interaction between PEX5 and TbPEX14. It effectively inhibits the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei brucei with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 5 μM [1].

Polymyxin B2, a significant component of polymyxin B, is an antibiotic cationic lipopeptide initially derived from B. polymyxa. This compound effectively inhibits P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae strains, exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5, and 0.25-1 µg/ml, respectively. Notably, in a mouse model of P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection, administration of polymyxin B2 at a dosage of 4 mg/kg has been shown to decrease the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) in the blood.

DSPE-PEG-Maleimide features DSPE phospholipids and maleimide for the preparation of nano-structured lipid carriers. It enhances the stability of encapsulated active molecules and prolongs circulation time in the bloodstream.

Polysarcosine 50 (pSar 50) serves as a hydrophilic alternative to PEG, offering excellent targeted drug delivery capabilities and extended circulation time in the bloodstream. It is applicable for research in drug delivery.