urinary tract infection

Sulfameter (Sulfametoxydiazine) is a long-acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent used to treat urinary tract infections and leprosy.

Cefmetazole sodium (Sodium cefmetazole) is a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It demonstrates a high rate of efficacy in various types of infections, and to date, no severe side effects have been noted.

Nitrofurantoin (Furadantine), an antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA, RNA, and cell wall protein synthesis. Activated by bacterial flavoproteins to intermediates that inactivate bacterial ribosomal proteins, Nitrofurantoin is used prophylactically as a urinary anti-infective agent against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and for long-term suppression of infections.

Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (Okacyn) inhibits DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase involved in the induction or relaxation of supercoiling during DNA replication. This inhibition leads to a decrease in DNA synthesis during bacterial replication, resulting in cell growth inhibition and eventually cell lysis. Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of lomefloxacin, a synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity.

6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (6-Hydroxypyridine-3-carboxylic acid) is exploited in the use of NMR spectroscopy or gas chromatography--mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urinary tract infection. Among the common bacteria causing urinary infection, only P. aeruginosa produces 6-hydroxynicotinic acid from nicotinic acid.

Sitafloxacin Hydrate (DU-6859a) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that shows promise in the treatment of Buruli ulcer.

Sulfadimethoxine is a antimicrobial agent, treatment of respiratory, urinary tract, enteric, and soft tissue infections

Sulfamethoxazole sodium (Ro 4-2130 sodium) is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic.

3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde shows anti-Candida efficacy and inhibits adhesion and biofilms.

iKIX1 is an Pdr1-dependent gene activation. It re-sensitizes drug-resistant C. glabrata to azole antifungals in vitro and in animal models for disseminated and urinary tract C. glabrata infection.

Lomefloxacin (SC47111A) is a synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity.

Carbavance, a mixture of Meropenham and Vaborbactam, is intended for adults with complex urinary tract infections (cUTI), including pyelonephritis, a kidney infection caused by certain bacteria.

Talampicillin is an ester of Ampicillin. It is hydrolyzed upon absorption to release ampicillin. It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract resulting in a greater bioavailability of ampicillin than can be achieved with equivalent doses of ampicil

Flumequine-13C3is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of flumequine by GC- or LC-MS. Flumequine is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.1It is active againstS. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. faecalis, andK. pneumoniae(MICs = 1-100 μg/ml). Flumequine is also active against field isolates of B. hyodysenteriae (MICs = 6.25-200 μg/ml).2It inhibits DNA gyrase, disrupting supercoiling of bacterial DNA to block transcription and replication.3In vivo, flumequine (50 mg/kg) increases survival in rat models ofP. vulgaris-induced urinary tract infection andP. mirabilis-induced prostatitis.1Formulations containing flumequine have been used in the treatment of urinary tract infections in veterinary medicine. 1.Rohlfing, S.R., Gerster, J.R., and Kvam, D.C.Bioevaluation of the antibacterial flumequine for urinary tract useAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.10(1)20-24(1976) 2.Aller-Morán, L.M., Martínez-Lobo, F.J., Rubio, P., et al.Evaluation of the in vitro activity of flumequine against field isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriaeRes. Vet. Sci.10351-53(2015) 3.Smith, J.T.The mode of action of 4-quinolones and possible mechanisms of resistanceJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.18 (Suppl. D)21-29(1986)

Nitrofurantoin-13C3is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nitrofurantoin by GC- or LC-MS. Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic.1In vivo, nitrofurantoin (25-100 mg/kg) reducesE. colireplication and abscess formation in the renal medulla of infected rats in a dose-dependent manner. It prevents kidney and bladder infection in rats following bladder inoculation with clinical isolates ofP. mirabilis. Nitrofurantoin also prevents alkalization of urine, as well as calculi and abscess formation, in a rat model ofP. vulgarisurinary tract infection.2Formulations containing nitrofurantoin have been used to treat urinary tract infections. 1.Rocha, H., Da Silva Teles, E., and Barros, M.Site of action of nitrofurantoin in experimental urinary tract infectionAppl. Microbiol.18(4)547-549(1969) 2.Hossack, D.J.N.Proteus vulgaris urinary tract infections in rats; treatment with nitrofuran derivativesBr. J. Pharmacol. Chemother.19(2)306-312(1962)

Carindacillin sodium, also known as Carbenicillin indanyl sodium, is an orally active, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. In vivo, it undergoes hydrolysis to Carbenicillin. Carindacillin sodium is specifically utilized in urinary tract infection research.

Trimethoprim hydrochloride, a bacteriostatic antibiotic and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, demonstrates efficacy against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. It has research applications for urinary tract infections, Shigellosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Additionally, when combined with zinc, it can inhibit the infection of Influenza A virus in chick embryos [1] [2] [3] [4].

Pazufloxacin (T-3761) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for antibacterial applications. This novel quinolone derivative exhibits robust and broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against systemic, pulmonary, and urinary tract infections in mice, effectively targeting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including quinolone-resistant strains such as Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compared to antibiotics like ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tosufloxacin, Pazufloxacin demonstrates comparable or superior efficacy across various infection models. While slightly less effective than tosufloxacin against certain gram-positive infections, it remains potent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Its broad-spectrum activity is supported by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 0.39 and 6.25 micrograms ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium species, with minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) close to the MICs. Additionally, its 50% inhibitory concentrations for DNA gyrases from E. coli and P. aeruginosa are 0.88 and 1.9 micrograms ml respectively, highlighting its potent antibacterial mechanism of action.