stimuli

BP 897 is a potent and selective agonist of dopamine D3 receptor and it is a weak dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, with Kis of 0.92 nM and 61 nM for D3 and D2 receptors. Which shows low affinities at D1 and D4 receptors (Kis, 3 and 0.3 μM, respectively).

BP 897 (2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, N-[4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-) is a potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist, and a weak dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, with Kis of 0.92 nM and 61 nM for D3 and D2 receptors, and shows low affinities at D1 and D4 receptors (Kis, 3 and 0.3 μM, respectively).

ALX-1393 is a selective GlyT2 inhibitor that effectively reduces neuronal action potential activity in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibits the activity of spontaneous networks by inducing glycinergic tetanic currents in the abdominal horn of the spinal cord. Antiinjurious effects on thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli in rat models of acute pain.

AMG-0347 (UNII-CD7L9290QR) is a small molecule inhibitor targeting TRPA1(transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) ion channels, a receptor found in sensory neurons and involved in the detection of pain and environmental stimuli. AMG-0347 acts by blocking the function of TRPA1 and has analgesic effects.

L-Clausenamide is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the yellow bark (Clausena lansium (Lour) skeels) and can be used to improve cognitive function. L-Clausenamide inhibits beta-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity and prevents the formation of neurofibrillary tangles by inhibiting tau phosphorylation. L-Clausenamide has neuroprotective activity and can be used to modulate stimuli triggered by Aβ25-35. L-Clausenamide can be used to study neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

3-Carene(Delta-3-Carene) is a bicyclic monoterpene extracted from western larch and Douglas-fir that acts as a phytofungicide.3-Carene inhibits inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression induced by nociceptive stimuli.3-Carene has anti-injury properties and promotes the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation.

Famotidine (MK-208) is a propanimidamide and histamine H2-receptor antagonist with antacid activity. As a competitive inhibitor of histamine H2-receptors on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, famotidine reduces basal and nocturnal gastric acid secretion, thereby decreasing gastric volume, acidity, and the amount of gastric acid released in response to various stimuli.

Damascenone is a mixture of E- and Z-isomer damascenones, characteristic compounds with anti-inflammatory properties derived from Epipremnum pinnatum.

Esmolol is a short-acting hyper selective β-adrenergic blocker. It is effective in blunting adrenergic responses to several perioperative stimuli. Esmolol is effective not only in attenuating intraoperative hemodynamic changes related to sympathetic overd

A-889425 is a selectively active oral TRPV1 receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 335 nM (rat) and 34 nM (human). This compound effectively penetrates the central nervous system, reducing mechanical allodynia and the response of spinal neurons to mechanical stimuli in rat paws following inflammation induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant.

Tiquinamide (Wy 24081) is a potent gastric secretion inhibitor that has demonstrated strong protective effects against gastric and duodenal erosion caused by stress and chemical stimuli in animal models.

Ro 25-1553 is a 31-amino acid analog of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) that functions as an agonist for the VIP2 receptor (VPAC2 receptor). In guinea pig models, Ro 25-1553 exhibits bronchodilator effects on tracheal smooth muscle contraction induced by neural stimuli or Carbachol.

A-784168, a potent and orally active inhibitor of vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1), acts on a ligand-gated nonselective cation channel pivotal in integrating pain stimuli including endogenous lipids, capsaicin, heat, and low pH. It demonstrates commendable central nervous system (CNS) penetration upon oral administration [1].

TSI-01, a pro-inflammatory phospholipid mediator, is rapidly synthesized by lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (lyso-PAFAT) in response to extracellular stimuli. Two types of lyso-PAFAT have been identified: LPCAT1, predominantly expressed in lungs, and LPCAT2, expressed in inflammatory cells. TSI-01 is a selective inhibitor of LPCAT2 (IC50 values of 0.47 μM and 3.02 μM for human LPCAT2 and LPCAT1, respectively). At 60 μM, it suppresses PAF biosynthesis in calcium ionophore-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Bifeprunox is a partial dopamine and serotonin agonist potentially for the treatment of schizophrenia. Bifeprunox suppresses in vivo VTA dopaminergic neuronal activity via D2 and not D3 dopamine autoreceptor activation. Bifeprunox influences nicotine-seek

VU6010608 is an effective mGlu7 NAM with excellent CNS permeability and is powerful in electrophysiological studies in blocking long-term enhancement of high-frequency stimuli.

Way 100252 inhibits evoked [3H]GABA release when tested against a number of release-inducing stimuli.

AKT-IN-6 (INCB-047775) has an inhibitory effect on ATK. Akt is an important component of cellular signaling for growth factors, cytokines, and other cell stimuli. Abnormal Akt activation has been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer.

The phospholipases are an extensive family of lipid hydrolases that function in cell signaling, digestion, membrane remodeling, and as venom components. The calcium-independent phospholipases (iPLA2) are a PLA2 subfamily closely associated with the release of arachidonic acid in response to physiologic stimuli. (R)-Bromoenol lactone ((R)-BEL) is an irreversible, chiral, mechanism-based inhibitor of calcium-independent phospholipase γ (iPLA2γ). Unlike (S)-BEL, (R)-BEL does not inhibit iPLA2β except at high doses of 20-30 μM. (R)-BEL inhibits human recombinant iPLA2γ with an IC50 of approximately 0.6 μM.

β-Endorphin (1-27) is an endogenous peptide that binds to μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors (Kis = 5.31, 6.17, and 39.82 nM, respectively, in COS-1 cells expressing rat receptors). It binds to rat and mouse brain membrane preparations (IC50s = 1.1 and 5.7 nM, respectively) and induces chemotaxis of human monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 1 nM. Intracerebroventricular administration of β-endorphin (1-27) increases the latency to tail withdrawal in response to thermal stimulation in mice with a median antinociceptive dose (AD50) of 1,500 pmol per animal. It inhibits antinociception induced by β-endorphin in mice in response to thermal stimuli when administered at a dose of 65 pmol per animal. In rats, β-endorphin (1-27) does not affect drug-associated place preference when administered at doses up to 20 μg, i.c.v., but inhibits β-endorphin-induced place preference when administered at a dose of 10 μg per animal.

Ligustrazine Hydrochloride, is a natural substance discovered in the plant Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. It inhibits platelet aggregation, improves atherosclerosis situation, protects endothelium injury, and has antithrombotic effects.in vivo,ligustrazine hydrochloride at 10 and 20 mg/kg produced significant analgesic effects against mechanical stimuli,and ligustrazine hydrochloride at 80 mg/kg, also significantly alleviated cold hypersensitivity manifested by reduction in cold vocalization temperature.

CY208-243 is a D1 agonist. CY208-243 attenuates the pattern electroretinogram to low spatial frequency stimuli in the monkey. CY208-243 stimulates adenylate cyclase in rat striatal homogenates with an EC50 of 125 nM. CY208,243 was superior in improving the strength of neuronal outcome sensitivity to the working memory-related choice behavior in the T-maze.

JNJ-28583113 is a brain-penetrant TRPM2 antagonist that induces phosphorylation of GSK3α and β subunits, protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. It inhibits microglia response to pro-inflammatory stimuli, used in the study of neurological diseases.

NDBM, a tumor-specific probe that targets Pim-1 kinase, exhibits heightened fluorescence upon binding and induces cytotoxicity, facilitating both cell screening and killing. It possesses targeted action on lysosomes and a sensitive pH response, enabling the monitoring of intracellular pH variations associated with autophagy and external stimuli [1].