rantes

Maraviroc (Selzentry) is a C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5) antagonist, and for MIP-1α(IC50=3.3 nM), MIP-1β (IC50=7.2 nM) and RANTES(IC50=5.2 nM).Maraviroc inhibits HIV-1 entry via CCR5 coreceptor interaction.

Met-RANTES (human) acetate is the acetate salt form of Met-RANTES (human). It acts as an antagonist for CCR1 and CCR5 receptors. This compound inhibits the human chemokines MIP-1α and MIP-1β, with respective IC50 values of 5 and 2 nM. Additionally, Met-RANTES (human) acetate reduces bone destruction and alleviates adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats.

Met-RANTES (human), a partial antagonist of CCR5, diminishes the infiltration of blood monocytes into the liver [1].

BX471 (BX 471) is a potent, selective non-peptide CCR1 antagonist.

AS-041164 is a selective and orally active PI3Kγ isoform inhibitor(IC50 of 70 nM), and shows less activity against PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, and PI3Kδ (IC50s of 240 nM, 1.45 μM, and 1.70 μM, respectively). It has anti-inflammatory effects.

BX471 hydrochloride (ZK-811752 hydrochloride) is a potent, selective non-peptide CCR1 antagonist with a Ki of 1 nM for human CCR1, exhibiting 250-fold selectivity over CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR4.

TAK-220 is a selective and orally bioavailable CCR5 antagonist with IC50 values of 3.5 nM for RANTES binding inhibition and 1.4 nM for MIP-1α binding inhibition to CCR5.

RP-23618 is a non-peptidic antagonist of RANTES.

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

β-Defensin-3 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It inhibits the growth of the periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria F. nucleatum, S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, and L. casei (MICs = 12.5-100 mg/l). It also inhibits the growth of S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans. β-Defensin-3 stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes when used at a concentration of 30 μg/ml. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 5, and 20 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-3 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose.

β-Defensin-4 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It induces migration of monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 nM but does not affect migration of neutrophils and eosinophils. β-Defensin-4 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-4 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose. It also inhibits growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus with lethal concentration (LC) values of 5, 12, and 15 μM, respectively, of S. carnosus (MIC = 4.5 μg/ml), and of C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 7.5 μM.

SB297006 is an antagonist of C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3; IC50 = 39 nM), which normally is activated by eotaxin, eotaxin-3, MCP-3, MCP-4, RANTES, and MIP-1δ. It is at least 250-fold selective for CCR3 over a panel of other chemokine receptors. SB 297006 blocks CCR3-mediated calcium mobilization induced by eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and MCP-4 in transfected cells. It suppresses antigen-induced accumulation of Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils in lungs of mice when delivered subcutaneously (100 mg kg).

TAK-779 (Takeda 779) is an antagonist of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), CCR2b, and CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3).

8-Prenylkaempferol is an effective agent for attenuating pro-inflammatory NO induction, it may be an anti-inflammatory agent for suppressing influenza A virus-induced RANTES production acts by blocking PI3K-mediated transcriptional activation of NF-κB and