neurotransmitters

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an orally active metabolic precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and be converted into dopamine in the brain. L-DOPA exhibits anti-hyperalgesic effects and holds potential in Parkinson’s disease research, and it can also be used to induce Parkinson’s disease models.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) is the 4-methanol form of vitaminB6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.

Desipramine hydrochloride (Norimipramine) ,a secondary amine tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), is the hydrochloride salt form of desipramine. In the central nervous system (CNS), Desipramine hydrochloride blocks the re-uptake of neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and serotonin. This leads to an increase in the amount of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft and prolongs their activities postsynaptically.

Doxepin hydrochloride (Aponal) is a dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.

Pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6 phosphate) is the active form of vitamin B6 and a coenzyme for many pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP is involved in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions; it is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids and amino acid metabolites, and for the synthesis and/or catabolism of certain neurotransmitters, including the conversion of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and levodopa into dopamine. PLP can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency. Reduced levels of PLP in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction.

D-Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with an antioxidant property. D-Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. D-Pantothenic acid is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.

Tizanidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, suppresses the release of neurotransmitters from central nervous system (CNS) noradrenergic neurons.

Acamprosate, an orally active neuromodulator, is used to study and treat alcohol dependence and alcoholism. Acamprosate is an analog of amino acid neurotransmitters (e.g., taurine and homocysteic acid) that modulates NMDA receptor activity via binding to a spermidine-sensitive site. Research indicates Acamprosate acts as a 'partial co-agonist' at NMDA receptors.

PD 128907 is a potent and selective agonist of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. It is used for studying the role of these receptors in the brain, in roles such as inhibitory autoreceptors that act to limit further dopamine release, as well as release of othe

DMP-543 (XR-543) is a KV7 channel blocker that enhances neurotransmitter release.

2-((2,2-Dibenzylhydrazineylidene)methyl)pyridine (2-[(1E)-(dibenzylhydrazin-1-ylidene)methyl]pyridine) is a heterocyclic compound. It inhibits monoamine oxidase, resulting in elevated monoamine levels in the body. It can also inhibit adenosine deaminase, resulting in elevated levels of adenosine in the body. It can also increase the activity of certain neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine.

2-(4-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-PHENYL)-ETHYLAMINE is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It has been studied for its potential to modulate the activity of various neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Its potential as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist has also been studied.

GSK 189254A is a histamine H3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of narcolepsy. Histamine H3 receptor antagonists have been shown to increase the release of neurotransmitters in the brain and to enhance cognition in vivo. The compound may also be usefu

25N-NBOMe hydrochloride is a derivative of 2C-N and acts as an agonist for the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, with Ki values of 0.144 nM and 1.06 nM, respectively. It has minimal effect on the release of preloaded neurotransmitters from recombinant dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters.

4-Methylamphetamine hydrochloride is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist that induces a decrease in body temperature in rats by binding to the 5-HT1A receptor. Additionally, it increases the extracellular levels of neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) by affecting their transporters. 4-Methylamphetamine hydrochloride is applicable in the study of neurological disorders.

Synucleozid-2.0 is an innovative compound under investigation for neurodegenerative disease research, potentially acting by modulating neurotransmitters and cellular signaling pathways.

N-Methylspiroperidol is a D2 receptor antagonist. This compound can be labeled as [18F]N-Methylspiroperidol, which allows for the investigation of its interaction with 5-HT2C receptors via PET (positron emission tomography), as well as examining the competition and impact of neurotransmitters like dopamine on these receptors.

Anhydroleucovorin is the predominant, biologically active form of vitamin B9 (folate) that is utilized by the body for a multitude of vital cellular functions, including DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, as well as the production of key neurotransmitters; Anhydroleucovorin plays an essential metabolic role in the remethylation pathway, converting the amino acid homocysteine to methionine, and serves as the main folate form found in systemic circulation and transported into tissues for physiological use.

Benzedrone is a synthetic cathinone derivative that enhances the levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine in the brain, resulting in stimulant effects. It is utilized in the research of new psychoactive substances (NPS).

(2S,3S,11bR)-Dihydrotetrabenazine ((2S,3S,11bR)-DHTBZ) is a highly selective inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) with a Ki value of 593 nM. It suppresses the vesicular transport of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, leading to reduced release into the synaptic cleft. This compound holds potential for research in Huntington's disease and other hyperkinetic movement disorders.

5-HT1A agonist 1 (Compound Ex.37) is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist with an EC50 of 0.18 nM. This compound mimics serotonin binding to receptors, promoting postsynaptic membrane depolarization, inhibiting excessive neuronal excitability, and reducing the release of neurotransmitters associated with anxiety. 5-HT1A agonist 1 holds potential for research in neuropsychiatric disorders.

MAO-B-IN-44 (Compound 4n) is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with an IC50 of 1.01 μM, demonstrating weak inhibition of MAO-A (IC50=14.4 μM). It reduces the degradation of neurotransmitters like dopamine and holds potential for research into neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, which are associated with MAO-B abnormalities.

MAO-A-IN-2 (Compound 4l) is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) with an IC50 value of 0.4 μM. This compound reduces the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine. MAO-A-IN-2 holds potential for research in neurological disorders related to monoamine neurotransmitter imbalance, including depression and anxiety.

Sapropterin is a naturally occurring essential cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of dopamine, epinephrine, melatonin, norepinephrine, neurotransmitter