neurite outgrowth

Brexpiprazole HCl (OPC 34712 dihydrochloride) is a new antipsychotic drug.

Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) is a partial agonist of human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 5-HT1A and dopamine D2 receptors.

Picroside I (6'-Cinnamoylcatalpol), a hepatoprotective agent, is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B. It has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may be the valuable anti-invasive drug candidates for cancer therapy by suppressing Collagenases and Gelatinases. Picroside I can enhance basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)-, staurosporine- or dbc-mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells.

Eudesmin shows antiinflammatory, neuritogenic, anticonvulsant and sedative effects, the mechanism of eudesmin may be related to up-regulation of GABAA and GAD65 expressions, and anti-apoptosis of neuron the in brain.50 microM (+)-eudesmin can induce neurite outgrowth and enhance nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by stimulating up-stream MAPK, PKC and PKA pathways.

Amisulpride is an antagonist of 5-HT7 receptor and dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. It modulates beta 2- arresting signaling and increases neurite outgrowth.

Lactacystin is a natural non-peptide proteasome inhibitor and highly specific anticancer drug that controls the UPS of cellular protein turnover and inhibits alkaline cell proliferation, and is able to be used as a model for studying dementia, induces neurite outgrowth and transiently elevated levels of cAMP, inhibits angiogenesis, triggers apoptosis in glioma cells, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

PH-002, an inhibitor targeting the intramolecular domain interaction of apolipoprotein (apo) E4 in neuronal cells, additionally enhances mitochondrial motility and promotes neurite outgrowth, thereby countering related impairments.

4-PivO-NMT chloride is an indole derivative-based regulator of the AMPK signaling pathway. It modulates neurogenesis or neurite outgrowth by influencing AMPK activity and holds potential for research in neurological disorders, pain, and inflammation.

GABA-A Receptor Ligand-1 (Compound 4) is a ligand for the GABA-A receptor with a pKi of 7.27. It alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, promotes neurite outgrowth and neuronal regeneration, and demonstrates neuroprotective effects in a rat ischemic stroke model.

GSK3β-IN-2 (Compound S01) is an inhibitor of GSK3β with an IC50 of 0.35 nM. It activates the Wnt β-catenin signaling pathway, promoting neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth. GSK3β-IN-2 reduces tau protein phosphorylation induced by Aβ at the Ser396 site, thereby decreasing neurofibrillary tangles. Furthermore, GSK3β-IN-2 improves Alzheimer's disease symptoms in a zebrafish model.

6-Bnz-cAMP is a PKA-selective activator. It regulates the PKA dependent signaling pathways. The proliferative signaling pathway which activated by the 6-Bnz-cAMP involves activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and ERK1/2. Extending the duratio

RC-33 HCl is a selective and metabolically stable σ1 receptor agonist potentiating NGF-induced neurite outgrowth.

ACAF4 is a neurotrophic agent which significantly increases survival in PC12 neuronal cells and enhances the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF). ACAF4 induces neurite outgrowth, and modulates ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways.

Acetylcarnitine arginyl amide is able to stimulate neurite outgrowth in a manner similar to that elicited by nerve growth factor (NGF). Neurite induction by this molecule requires de novo mRNA synthesis and is independent of the action of several common t

1. Negletein (7-O-Methylbaicalein) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities via inhibition of TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β. 2. Negletein as a neuroprotectant enhances the action of nerve growth factor and induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. 3. Negletein shows a comparable redox-active potential, and it (50 μM, 4 h) can activate Nrf2. 4. Negletein shows significant antimicrobial activity. 5. Negletein has anti-hypoxia activity, it can significantly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice.6. Negletein has anti- Alzheimer's disease activity, it inhibits the iron-dependent formation of ROS and also blocks the iron-induced oligomerization of amyloid beta 42 in vitro. 7. Negletein (IC50: 3.89 + - 0.39 microM) exhibits potent inhibitory activity against nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor.

Lalioside is a potent accelerator of neurite outgrowth.

Leteprinim (AIT 082 acid) is an hypoxanthine derivative that stimulates in vitro neurite outgrowth and the production of adenosine and neurotrophins from astrocytes.

Talaumidin is a natural neurotrophic agent which promotes neurite outgrowth from neurons through the PI3K/Akt pathway.

(-)-L-threo-PDMP is an enhancer of ganglioside biosynthesis. The (-)-L-threo-PDMP (1S,2S) isomer is the active stimulatory component of DL-threo-PDMP in contrast to (+)-D-threo-PDMP , which is an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthetase. (-)-L-threo-PDMP upregulates GM3, GD3, and GQ1b synthase levels, which are glycosyltransferases involved in ganglioside biosynthesis, and increases ganglioside levels in cells. It increases neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in vitro and improves retention of a long-term memory learned prior to forebrain ischemia in rats when administered following ischemia at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day.

Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) is a metabolite of the sponge bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ6-3-1, capable of autoinducing the production of antibacterial substances active against S. aureus at low cell density. It induces neurite outgrowth and branching of chick cortical neurons in vitro at concentrations of 16 and 32 μM, increases phosphorylation of the PI3K substrate Akt, and this induction can be blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Additionally, it enhances axon sprouting of calcitonin gene-related protein positive (CGRP+) primary afferents in the spinal cord post-crush injury and of serotonin neurons in the uninjured spinal cord. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) is also a bitter taste component of cocoa and roasted coffee.

1-β-D-Glucosylsphingadienine is a glucosylsphingosine, which are deacetylated lysolipid derivatives of glucosylcerebrosides . They are formed when sphingosines undergo glucosidation by UDP-glucose. Glucosylsphingosines completely reduce neurite outgrowth and induce death of LA-N-2 cells at concentrations of 10 and 50 μM, respectively. They also decrease the activity of glucocerebrosidase in LA-N-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Glucosylsphingosine levels are elevated in patients with Gaucher's disease, both in the spleen (in types 1, 2, and 3) and brain (type 2 and 3); thus, glucosylsphingosine has been used as a key biomarker of the disease. This product contains 1-β-D-glucosylsphingadienine isolated from plants.

1. Notoginsenosides Fa and R4 show significant neurite outgrowth enhancing activities in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.

Olodanrigan (EMA401), a highly selective AT2R antagonist, inhibition of augmented AngII AT2R induced p38 and p42 p44 MAPK activation, and hence inhibition of DRG neuron hyperexcitability and sprouting of DRG neurons. EMA401 blocks p38, p42 p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, neurite outgrowth in adult rat DRG neurons, and sensitization of adult rat and human DRG neurons induced by AngII. It inhibits capsaicin responses in cultured hDRG neurons.

HDAC6-IN-6 (compound 6a) is a potent HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.025 μM that can penetrate the BBB. It exhibits strong inhibitory activity against AChE and Aβ 1-42 self-aggregation with IC50 values of 0.72 and 3.0 μM, respectively. HDAC6-IN-6 also enhances neurite outgrowth without significant neurotoxicity [1].