gtpγs

Mant-GTPγS, an effective GTP analog, displays strong competitive inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC). Additionally, it acts as a potent inhibitor of YdeH.

GTPγS tetralithium (Guanosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate tetralithium) is a G-protein activator, a non-hydrolyzable GTP analog that protects proteins from proteolytic degradation.GTPγS tetralithium is involved in the detection of cells expressing recombinant receptors and endogenous receptors. GTPγS tetralithium is involved in the detection of GPCR signaling in cells expressing recombinant receptors as well as in cells and tissues expressing endogenous receptors, and can be assayed to measure agonist-induced desensitization of two human polymorphic α2B-adrenoceptor variants.

GP 1a is a potent agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) (EC50=7.1), as shown in cAMP, GTPγS and β-arrestin recruitment assays. GP 1a is approximately 30-fold more selective for CB2 receptors than CB1 receptors and increases P-ERK1 2 expression in HL-60 cells in vitro. GP 1a is beneficial for skin wound healing. GP 1a inhibits inflammation and fibrogenesis while promoting epithelial re-formation.

JNJ-65355394 is an effective O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA) inhibitor and an OGA chemical probe.

C 021 dihydrochloride is a potent CCR4 antagonist. C-021 (4-Quinazolinamine, 2-[1,4'-bipiperidin]-1'-yl-N-cycloheptyl-6,7-dimethoxy-) dihydrochloride potently inhibits functional chemotaxis in humans and mice with IC50s of 140 nM and 39 nM, respectively. It effectively prevents human CCL22-derived [35S]GTPγS from binding to the receptor (IC50: 18 nM).

AT-121 is a dual μ-opioid and neuropeptide receptor partial agonist (Kis 16.49 and 3.67 nM, respectively). It stimulates [35S]GTPγS binding to cell membranes expressing either μ-opioid receptors or neuropeptide receptors (EC50s of 19.6 and 34.7 nM, respectively.) AT-121 (0.003-0.03 mg kg) reduced capsaicin-induced thermal anisocoria in a dose-dependent manner, but did not increase scratching activity in rhesus monkeys. In rhesus monkey drug self-administration tests, AT-121 at doses of 0.3 to 10 μg kg per injection lacked reinforcing effects (a potential marker of abuse) and did not reduce the reinforcing effects of food pellets.AT-121 (0.01 or 0.03 mg kg) did not induce hyperalgesia, a marker of tolerance, in rhesus monkeys.AT-121 is a safe non-addictive pain reliever with anti-injury and analgesic effects.

C-021 dihydrochloride is a potent CCR4 antagonist that effectively inhibits functional chemotaxis in humans and mice, with IC50 values of 140 nM and 39 nM, respectively.

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate is a high affinity adenine receptor agonist (Ki = 18 nM at rat adenine receptor). It inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in CHO cells transfected with the adenine receptor and also stimulates GTPγS binding (pEC50 values are 8.54 and 7.21 respectively).

SR17018, a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, binds with GTPγS and has an EC50 of 97 nM.

MK-6892 is a selective and full agonist for the high-affinity nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (Ki: 4 nM; GTPγS EC50: 16 nM).

Deltorphin II is a peptide agonist of δ2-opioid receptors.1,2It is selective for δ-opioid receptors over μ- and κ-opioid receptors in radioligand bindings assays (Kis = 0.0033, >1, and >1 μM, respectively) and induces [35S]GTPγS binding in mouse brain membrane preparations (EC50= 0.034 μM). Deltorphin II (0.12 mg/kg) decreases the infarction zone:risk zone ratio in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by coronary occlusion, an effect that can be reversed by the δ2-opioid receptor antagonist naltriben but not the δ1-opioid receptor antagonist BNTX.3Intrathecal administration of deltorphin II (15 μg/animal) increases latency to withdraw in the paw pressure and tail-flick tests in rats.4 1.Raynor, K., Kong, H., Chen, Y., et al.Pharmacological characterization of the cloned κ-, δ-, and μ-opioid receptorsMol. Pharm.45(2)330-334(1994) 2.Scherrer, G., Befort, K., Contet, C., et al.The delta agonists DPDPE and deltorphin II recruit predominantly mu receptors to produce thermal analgesia: A parallel study of mu, delta and combinatorial opioid receptor knockout miceEur. J. Neurosci.19(8)2239-2248(2004) 3.Maslov, L.N., Barzakh, E.I., Krylatov, A.V., et al.Opioid peptide deltorphin II simulates the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning: role of δ2-opioid receptors, protein kinase C, and KATP channelsBull. Exp. Biol. Med.149(5)591-593(2010) 4.Labuz, D., Toth, G., Machelska, H., et al.Antinociceptive effects of isoleucine derivatives of deltorphin I and deltorphin II in rat spinal cord: A search for selectivity of delta receptor subtypesNeuropeptides32(6)511-517(1998)

ASN02563583, a regulator of the GPR17 receptor, exhibits an IC50 value of 0.64 nM in the [35S]GTPγS binding assay and can be utilized in neurological disease research [1].

ASN04421891, a potent GPR17 receptor modulator with an EC50 of 3.67 nM in the [35S]GTPγS binding assay, shows promise for neurodegenerative diseases research[1].

GPR110 peptide agonist P12 is a peptide that acts as an agonist for GPR110. This compound markedly enhances the initial rate of G protein GTPγS binding stimulated by GPR110. It mimics the action of the natural ligand, causing the extracellular domain (ECD) of GPR110 to dissociate from the seven-transmembrane domain (7TM) and exposing the N-terminal β-strand-13 stalk region of the 7TM domain, which acts as the agonist activating G protein signaling. GPR110 peptide agonist P12 is applicable in research related to developmental disorders and cancers associated with GPR110.

(±)-J-113397 is a potent and selective non-peptidyl ORL1 receptor antagonist (K(i): cloned human ORL1=1.8 nM). J-113397 inhibited nociceptin orphanin FQ-stimulated GTPγS binding to CHO cells expressing ORL1 with an IC50 value of 5.3 nM. J-113397 can be used for researching the physiological roles of nociceptin orphanin FQ [1].

LY487379 is a selective human mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) that enhances glutamate-stimulated [35 S] GTPγS binding to mGlu2 receptors (EC50: 1.7 μM) and mGlu3 receptors (EC50 >10 μM). LY487379 induces cognitive flexibility and behavioral inhibition in a rat model and can be used to study schizophrenia.

GPR84 Antagonist 3 (compound 42), a potent inhibitor of the G-protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), exhibits a pIC50 value of 8.28, indicating strong antagonistic activity by inhibiting GTPγS. Additionally, it possesses a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, suitable for further research and development [1].

4-Me-PDTic is a potent and selective Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist. 4-Me-PDTic had a Ke = 0.37 nM in a [35S]GTPγS binding assay and was 645- and >8100-fold selective for the κ relative to the μ and δ opioid receptors, respectively. Calculated logBB and CNS (central nervous system) multiparameter optimization (MPO) and low molecular weight values all predict that 4-Me-PDTic will penetrate the brain and pharmacokinetic studies in rats shows that 4-Me-PDTic does indeed penetrate the brain.

6-OAU (GTPL5846)(GTPL5846; 6-n-octylaminouracil) is a surrogate agonist of GPR84; activates human GPR84 in the presence of Gqi5 chimera in HEK293 cells with an EC50 of 105 nM in the PI assay.

KOR agonist 4 (compound 39) is an agonist targeting the κ opioid receptor (Kappa Opioid Receptor) and activates G protein signaling. It has an EC50 of 14 nM and an Emax of 83% for binding to GTPγS. This compound demonstrates moderate to high intrinsic clearance in human liver cells and shows selectivity for the κ opioid receptor over the μ (MOR) and δ (DOR) opioid receptors by factors of 60 and 810, respectively. KOR agonist 4 is useful for research into central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

Guanfacine-13C,15N3is intended for us as an internal standard for the quantification of guanfacine by GC- or LC-MS. Guanfacine is an α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist with Kivalues of 93, 1,380, and 3,890 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, in a radioligand binding assay.1It has EC50values of 52, 288, and 602 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, for stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. It also binds to imidazoline receptor 1 (Ki= 19 nM in a radioligand binding assay).2Guanfacine (0.3-5 mg/kg) binds to adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner.3It also improves spatial working memory deficits induced by hypobaric hypoxia in rats.4Formulations containing guanfacine are used in the treatment of high blood pressure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 1.Jasper, J.R., Lesnick, J.D., Chang, L.K., et al.Ligand efficacy and potency at recombinant α2 adrenergic receptors: Agonist-mediated [35S]GTPγS bindingBiochem. Pharmacol.55(7)1035-1043(1998) 2.Nikolic, K., Filipic, S., and Agbaba, D.QSAR study of imidazoline antihypertensive drugsBioorg. Med. Chem.16(15)7134-7140(2008) 3.Scholtysik, G.Pharmacology of guanfacineBr. J. Clin. Pharmacol.10(Suppl 1)21S-24S(1980) 4.Kauser, H., Sahu, S., Kumar, S., et al.Guanfacine is an effective countermeasure for hypobaric hypoxia-induced cognitive declineNeuroscience254110-119(2013)

A3AR modulator 1 (MRS8054), an orally active positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) (Adenosine Receptor), significantly enhances the efficacy (E max) of Cl-IB-MECA-stimulated [35 S]GTPγS binding [1].

Ac-RYYRIK-NH2 TFA acts as both a potent partial agonist for ORL1 when transfected in CHO cells (K d = 1.5 nM) and an endogenous ligand of ORL1. Moreover, it serves as a specific antagonist that inhibits G protein activation and competitively blocks the stimulation of [35S]-GTPγS binding to G proteins by nociceptin orphanin FQ (noc OFQ) in rat brain membranes and sections [1].

CAY10508 is a potent and selective inverse agonist for the central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor with therapeutic potential for treating obesity and drug dependence, lacking psychotropic effects. It exhibits a Ki value of 243 nM and an EC50 of 195 nM. At a concentration of 10 µM, CAY10508 displaces [3H]-CP-55,940 with 100% efficacy at the CB1 receptor and 35% at the peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptor. Its inverse agonist activity at the CB1 receptor was confirmed through a [35S]-GTPγS binding assay.