chromatography

Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate monohydrate is a reagent used in ion-pair chromatography for analysing biomolecules such as peptides and proteins.

D-Desthiobiotin is a biotin derivative used in affinity chromatography and protein chromatography, as well as for protein and cell labeling, detection, and separation.

Enflurane (Efrane), a volatile anaesthetic, is a potent inhibitor of high conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels of Chara australis. Enflurane is an internal standard in monitoring halogenated volatile anaesthetics by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Potassium phosphate monobasic), with a purity of ≥ 99%, is utilized as a buffering agent in molecular biology, biochemistry, and chromatography. It is employed in the preparation of biological buffers and is suitable for use in molecular biology applications.

Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride (Hematoporphyrin IX dihydrochloride) is a substrate for affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins.

Dimetridazole is a nitroimidazole-based compound with antibacterial and anticoccidial activity. It was once widely used in the treatment of parasitic infections in poultry, cattle, swine and farmed fish until suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans. Hydroxy dimetridazole is a metabolite of dimetridazole that may be useful for identifying this nitroimidazole in various agricultural samples through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and other methods.

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate*free acid) is a corticosteroid used as an analytical and chromatography reagent.

6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (6-Hydroxypyridine-3-carboxylic acid) is exploited in the use of NMR spectroscopy or gas chromatography--mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urinary tract infection. Among the common bacteria causing urinary infection, only P. aeruginosa produces 6-hydroxynicotinic acid from nicotinic acid.

2',4'-Dimethylacetophenone is a chemical that can be used in biological research. The compound can be used in gas chromatography to detect aldosterone aroma in tobacco compounds and can be used to protect food products.

Gibbs reagent is a versatile visualization reagent for thin-layer chromatography.

N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is a commonly employed activating ester in peptide chemistry and protein cross-linking, typically utilised to activate carboxyl groups for coupling with amine groups, serving as a key activating agent in bio-conjugate reactions.

1,4-Anthraquinone is an anticancer drug that blocks nucleoside transport, inhibits macromolecule synthesis, induces DNA fragmentation, and decreases the growth and viability of L1210 leukemic cells in the same nanomolar range as daunorubicin in vitro.1,4-

Hematoporphyrin is a substrate for affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins.

Leucyl-leucyl-leucine is may be used for pH-dependent endosomal membrane disruption to release agents. Trileucine is used to evaluate the absorption characteristics of reversed phase liquid chromatography (HPLC) media.

4-Aminophenylarsonic acid is an arsenic-containing aromatic organic compound consisting of a benzene ring, a para-amino group (-NH₂), and an arsonic acid group (-AsO(OH)₂). It exhibits antibacterial activity against colistin-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae. Combining the chemical properties of organic arsenic with the reactivity of amino groups, it can be used to prepare affinity chromatography resins, targeted drug carriers, and functional nanomaterials.

MTBSTFA is a commonly used silylating reagent that reacts with functional groups such as alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids, and is employed in gas chromatography (GC) or GC-MS analysis.MTBSTFA offers high reaction efficiency under mild conditions and is suitable for the derivatization and analysis of a wide range of polar compounds.

S-Hexylglutathione is an S-substituted glutathione derivative, in which the hydrogen atom on the thiol group of glutathione is replaced by a hexyl group. It competitively inhibits glutathione-S-transferase and can also be used as an affinity chromatography ligand for glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase.

Menisdaurin is a cyanogenic glycoside natural product isolated from the plant species Flueggea virosa, and its purported anti-viral pharmacological activities have been analytically characterized and quantified through an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) method.

Robinin (NSC-9222) belongs to natural products, serving as a TLR2 inhibitor with cell permeability. Robinin exerts anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities through inhibiting the TLR2-PI3K-AKT pathway, and can be used for experimental research related to pancreatic cancer.

(±)10-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro.[1][2] It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes.[3][4][5] (±)10-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. Reference:[1]. VanRollins, M., and Murphy, R.C. Autooxidation of docosahexaenoic acid: Analysis of ten isomers of hydroxydocosahexaenoate. J. Lipid Res. 25(5), 507-517 (1984).[2]. Reynaud, D., Thickitt, C.P., and Pace-Asciak, C.R. Facile preparation and structural determination of monohydroxy derivatives of docosahexaenoic acid (HDoHE) by α-tocopherol-directed autoxidation. Anal. Biochem. 214(1), 165-170 (1993).[3]. VanRollins, M., Baker, R.C., Sprecher, H., et al. Oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid by rat liver microsomes. J. Biol. Chem. 259(9), 5776-5783 (1984).[4]. Yamane, M., Abe, A., and Yamane, S. High-performance liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry of epoxy polyunsaturated fatty acids and epoxyhydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids from an incubation mixture of rat tissue homogenate. J. Chromatogr. 652(2), 123-136 (1994).[5]. Kim, H.Y., Karanian, J.W., Shingu, T., et al. Sterochemical analysis of hydroxylated docosahexaenoates produced by human platelets and rat brain homogenate. Prostaglandins 40(5), 473-490 (1990).

trans-carboxy Glimepiride is a metabolite of the sulfonylurea glimepiride .1It is formed from glimepiride in a two-step process mediated by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C9 and cytosolic enzymes. 1.Noh, K., Kim, E., Jeong, T.C., et al.Simultaneous determination of glimepiride and its metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometryArch. Pharm. Res.34(12)2073-2078(2011)

Pregnanetriol is a metabolite of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone .1,2It is formed from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by reduction of the C-20 ketone.2Urinary levels of pregnanetriol are elevated in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.3,4 1.Kamrath, C., Hartmann, M.F., Boettcher, C., et al.Diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency by urinary metabolite ratios using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis: Reference values for neonates and infantsJ. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.15610-16(2016) 2.Schiffer, L., Barnard, L., Baranowski, E.S., et al.Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: A comprehensive reviewJ. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.194105439(2019) 3.Disorders of steroidogenesis guide to steroid profiling and biochemical diagnosis1(2019) 4.Shackleton, C.H.L.Role of a disordered steroid metabolome in the elucidation of sterol and steroid biosynthesisLipids47(1)1-12(2012)

N-desmethyl Rosuvastatin is an active metabolite of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin .1,2N-desmethyl Rosuvastatin is formed when rosuvastatin undergoes demethylation, primarily by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C9 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.1 1.Macwan, J.S., Ionita, I.A., and Akhlaghi, F.A simple assay for the simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin acid, rosuvastatin-5S-lactone, and N-desmethyl rosuvastatin in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)Anal. Bioanal. Chem.402(3)1217-1227(2012) 2.Bai, X., Wang, X.P., He, G.D., et al.Simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin, rosuvastatin-5 S-lactone, and N-desmethyl rosuvastatin in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to clinical studyDrug Res. (Stuttg.)68(6)328-334(2018)

Olmesartan medoxomil impurity C is an impurity of Olmesartan medoxomil, a potent and selective angiotensin (AT1 receptor) inhibitor with an IC50 of 66.2 μM.