antifungal

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

Ethambutol dihydrochloride (CL40881) is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial agent, which obstructs the formation of cell wall by inhibiting arabinosyl transferases.

Nystatin (Fungicidin) is a topical and oral antifungal agent with activity against many species of yeast and candida albicans, which is used largely to treat skin and oropharyngeal candidiasis.

ALPHA-PINENE ((-)-Alpha-Pinene) is a bicyclic monoterpene found in pine trees and other plants, including Cannabis with diverse biological activities [1]. It reduces the growth of a panel of seven Gram-positive bacteria, seven Gram-negative bacteria, and eight yeast strains with MIC values of 0.75-1.29, 1.05-1.59, and 0.7-1.17%, respectively [2]. It has insecticidal activity against C. molestus larvae with LC50 values ranging from 47 to 49 mg L.3 ALPHA-PINENE (100 μg ml) induces apoptosis, increases anion superoxide production and DNA fragmentation, and activates caspase-3 in B16 F10 melanoma cells [4]. In a B16 F10 mouse xenograft model, ALPHA-PINENE(100 ml of a 10 mg ml solution) reduces the number of metastatic lung nodules by approximately 7-fold. ALPHA-PINENE(8.6 mg L, aerosol) also increases the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze by approximately 2-fold in mice, indicating anxiolytic-like activity [5].

Calcimycin (A-23187) is an ionophorous, polyether carboxylic antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports calcium and other divalent cations across membranes, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, and inhibits ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is primarily used as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), a prominent polymethoxyflavone (PMF) derived from M. exotica, displays a range of notable bioactivities. These include anti-malarial, anti-fungal, anti-mycobacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, TMF specifically targets β-catenin signaling to exhibit chondroprotective activity.

Coniferyl alcohol (Coniferol) is a fungal growth inhibitor.

beta-Amyrin acetate inhibits HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) and sEH activity with IC50 of 3.4 μM. beta-Amyrin acetate has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities.

beta-Amyrone (β-Amyron) has antifungal activity against Chikungunya virus replication with an EC50 of 86 uM. beta-Amyrone has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the expression of COX-2. beta-Amyrone exhibits anti-α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and moderate AChE activity. β-Amyrone can be used in the research of disease like inflammation, infection, and obesity.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product that reversibly inhibits translation elongation, is an antimitotic compound, and is an inhibitor of DNA and protein synthesis.

Hygromycin B (Hygrovetine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with translocation and causing mistranslation of the 70S ribosome. Hygromycin B can be used to screen prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells transfected with hph or hyg resistance genes.

Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol has a wide range of targets including COX, SIRT, LOC, etc. Resveratrol induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Rapamycin (AY 22989) is a natural product of macrolides, an mTOR inhibitor with specificity (HEK293 cells: IC50=0.1 nM). Rapamycin has immunosuppressive activity and induces autophagy.

Amphotericin B (NSC-527017) is a polyene antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity against many fungal species. Amphotericin B irreversibly binds to ergosterol and disrupts the integrity of cell membranes, resulting in antifungal activity.

L-Citronellol ((S)-(-)-beta-Citronellol) is a small molecule compound isolated from geranium with antifungal activity, affecting fungal membranes.L-Citronellol acts synergistically with amphotericin B against Candida yeast.

5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (Bronidox) is an antimicrobial compound that inhibits bacterial enzyme activity.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (2-Formyl-5-hydroxymethylfuran) is found from various carbohydrates.

Proanthocyanidins is a natural product, used as antioxidant and anti-cancers agent.

Benzoic acid (Dracylic acid) is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

Trigonelline chloride (Coffearine Hydrochloride), an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee.

Squalene (AddaVax) is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity.

Quinizarin (1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural product

Camptothecin (CPT) belongs to the alkaloid group of natural products and is a specific DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor (IC50=679 nM) with specificity. Camptothecin has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis.