Ferroptosis-IN-1

Ferroptosis-IN-1, a diterpene derived from A. campylantha, functions as a ferroptosis inhibitor with an EC50 of 10 μM and is utilized in the study of neuroinflammatory diseases [1].

Ferroptosis-IN-12 (Cpd-A1) is an inhibitor of ferroptosis. It effectively suppresses ferroptosis in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) treated with Erastin and improves renal function in dose-dependent manners in mouse models of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia reperfusion (I R) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). This compound also reduces renal tubular damage and eliminates inflammation. Exhibiting good plasma stability and high distribution in renal tissues during pharmacokinetic studies in mice, Ferroptosis-IN-12 shows promising potential for research in the field of AKI.

Ferroptosis-IN-14 (compund 36) exhibits the most potent anti-ferroptotic activity with an EC50 value of 0.58 ± 0.02 μM, demonstrating excellent anti-ferroptotic efficacy, as well as stability in microsomes and plasma.

Ferroptosis-IN-15 (compound 12) serves as an effective inhibitor of ferroptosis, exhibiting EC50 values of 0.76 μM and 0.67 μM in A375 cells and 786-O cells, respectively. It acts as a potential iron chelator and radical-scavenging antioxidant.

Ferroptosis-IN-16 (Compound 13l) acts as a specific inhibitor of ferroptosis, demonstrating EC50 values of 0.7 nM in ES-2 cells and 0.9 nM in LX-2 cells. It effectively alleviates acute liver injury induced by Acetaminophen in mouse models and shows excellent metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomes.

Ferroptosis-IN-17 (Compound 18) is an inhibitor of ferroptosis with an EC50 value of 0.57 μM. It effectively reduces the accumulation of intracellular ferrous ions and lipid peroxidation while restoring levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). In rat plasma, Ferroptosis-IN-17 demonstrates good solubility and notable metabolic stability. This compound holds potential for research in tumor suppression, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disorders.

Ferroptosis-IN-19 is a potent inhibitor of cellular ferroptosis, with an IC50 value of 0.097 μM. It demonstrates high metabolic stability and excellent predicted blood-brain barrier permeability. In mice, Ferroptosis-IN-19 has neuroprotective effects and can prevent ischemic brain damage.

Ferroptosis-IN-13 (compound NY-26) is an inhibitor of ferroptosis. It effectively suppresses RSL3-induced ferroptosis in 786-O cells, with an EC50 value of 62 nM.

Ferroptosis-IN-18 (51) is a phenothiazine derivative known for its potent anti-ferroptotic and antioxidant properties. It is useful for research related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Ferroptosis-IN-11 (compound 43) is an inhibitor of ferroptosis, effectively suppressing Erastin-induced ferroptosis in HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells (EC50=36 nM). This compound is applicable in research related to cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration.

Ferroptosis-IN-10 (compound D1) is an inhibitor of ferroptosis, demonstrating a potent IC50 value of 22 nM. It exhibits neuroprotective activity in the oxygen-glucose deprivation reoxygenation (OGD R) model.

Arvanil (N-Vanillylarachidonamide) is a synthetic capsaicin-amphetamine hybrid and a ligand for vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), exhibiting neuroprotective activity, inhibiting spasm, and enhancing cisplatin chemotherapy sensitivity by inducing ferroptosis in HCC cells in vivo. It induces ferroptosis in liver cancer cells via binding to MICU1.

CIL56 (CA3) is a small molecule that induces cellular ferroptosis through the production of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also induces accumulation of long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in HT-1080 cells in vitro.HT-1080 cells lacking acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, exhibit 5-fold resistance to CIL56 treatment, indicating ACC1 activity sensitizes cells to CIL56-induced cell death.

iFSP1, a potent, selective, and glutathione-independent ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) (AIFM2) inhibitor with an EC50 of 103 nM, sensitizes diverse human cancer cell lines to ferroptosis inducers like (1S,3R)-RSL3. It uniquely triggers ferroptosis in GPX4-knockout cells overexpressing FSP1.

HDAC-IN-77 (HL-5s), an HDAC inhibitor, has the capability to induce ferroptosis and suppress the Nrf2 HO-1 signaling pathway. This compound is utilized in cancer research.

TOFA-Plasmalogen (compound 1), a derivative of glyceraldehyde, exhibits ferroptosis-inducing properties. This compound promotes lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, leading to cytotoxic effects with an inhibition concentration (IC 50 = 32.87 μM).

GPX4-IN-13 (compound 16), a GPX4 inhibitor, exhibits anticancer properties by diminishing the expression of GPX4, thereby reducing thyroid cell proliferation and inducing ferroptosis. Additionally, this compound effectively inhibits the growth of three distinct thyroid cancer cell lines: N-thy-ori-3-1 (IC 50 =8.39 μM), MDA-T32 (IC 50 =10.28 μM), and MDA-T41 (IC 50 =8.18 μM).

Cetzole (Compound 1) acts as an inducer of ferroptosis (iron-dependent cell death) through the accumulation of ROS, leading to cell death. The compound exhibits varying half-maximal cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) against several cell lines: 2.56 μM in NCI-H522, 10.31 μM in NCI-H522 GFP-SCL7A11 #8, 2.71 μM in NCI-H522 RV-GFP, 3.07 μM in HT-1080, 14.9 μM in NARF2, and 6.28 μM in MDA-MB-231. This highlights Cetzole's potential for research in cancer therapeutics.

Ferrostatin-1 diyne (Fer-1 diyne) (compound 2) serves as an inhibitor of ferroptosis, accumulating in cellular lysosomes, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum. It notably inhibits ferroptosis independently of lysosomal and mitochondrial activity.

NYY-6a is a ferroptosis (Ferroptosis) inhibitor, demonstrating significant suppression of RSL3-induced ferroptosis in 786-O and HT-1080 cells, with EC50 values of 52 nM and 50 nM, respectively. As a radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA), NYY-6a effectively reduces lipid peroxidation, comparable to ferrostatin-1 and liproxstatin-1, making it useful for research into ferroptosis-related pathologies.

TrxR EGFR-IN-1 (Compound L1Au2) is a TrxR EGFR inhibitor with activity against both gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant lung cancer, effectively suppressing tumor proliferation and promoting apoptosis. It enhances GPX4 degradation through autophagosome-lysosome and proteasome pathways, leading to ferroptosis. Additionally, it induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and triggers immunogenic cell death, making it applicable for studies on gefitinib-resistant lung cancer.

CYCS-INPP4A interaction-IN-1 (10A3) disrupts the CYCS-INPP4A interaction complex and enhances ferroptosis-mediated tumor suppression.

FSP1-IN-1 (compound 39) is a potent FSP1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 35 nM. It enhances lipid peroxide accumulation induced by RSL3 and increases cancer cell susceptibility to ferroptosis.

Erastin2 is a ferroptosis inducer and inhibitor of the system xc- cystine glutamate transporter.[1][2] It inhibits glutamate release in CCF-STTG1 cells (IC50 = 0.0035 µM) and induces cell death in HAP1 cells at 5 µM, an effect blocked by ferrostatin-1 or deferoxamine.[1][2] Erastin2 also induces ferroptotic cell death in HT-1080 cells (EC50 = 0.15 µM), an effect blocked by β-mercaptoethanol (EC50 > 20 µM).[3] Additionally, it increases lipid peroxidation in HT-1080 cells at 1 µM.