succinate dehydrogenase

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-4 (Compound 4b) is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase with an IC50 value of 3.38 μM. It exhibits antifungal activity against Physalospora piricola and Colletotrichum orbiculare, with EC50 values of 16.33 μM and 18.06 μM, respectively.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-5 (Compound M8) acts as an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. It disrupts energy metabolism and growth in fungi and is effective against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium graminearum, with an EC50 of less than 0.3 μg mL.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-7 (Compound 2f) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.51 μM and exhibits bactericidal properties.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-6 (Compound E23) is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), effectively hindering SDH in Rhizoctonia solani with an IC50 of 11.76 μM. This compound disrupts fungal cell membranes and exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity, capable of inhibiting R. solani, V. dahliae, A. solani, and C. gloeosporioides with EC50 values of 0.41, 0.27, 1.15, and 0.27 μg mL, respectively. Furthermore, Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-6 shows no significant toxicity in rice and zebrafish (LC50 > 12.5 μg mL).

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-1 (Compound 34) acts as an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.94 μM and a KD of 22.4 μM. This compound also demonstrates antifungal activity, with EC50 values against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Monilinia fructicola, and Botrytis cinerea measured at 0.04 μM, 1.13 μM, 1.61 μM, and 1.21 μM, respectively.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-3 (Ig) is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) with antifungal activity.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-2 (Compound 12x) is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), exhibiting an IC50 of 1.22 mg L. This compound also demonstrates antifungal activity, effectively inhibiting pathogens such as S. sclerotiorum, V. mali, G. graminis, R. solani, and B. cinerea with EC50 values ranging from 0.52 to 3.42 mg L.

Ethyl potassium malonate, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, acts as a precursor to produce (trimethylsilyl)ethyl malonate, which is utilized to prepare beta-ketoesters by acylation and serves as an intermediate for the preparation of ethyl tert-butyl malonate.

3-Nitropropanoic acid (Bovinocidin) is an irreversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase.

Boscalid is a broad-spectrum carboxamide fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by binding to the ubiquinone site of mitochondrial complex II succinate dehydrogenase.1It suppresses mycelial growth ofS. minorby 87 to 100% and ofS. sclerotiorumby 77 to 100% when used at a concentration of 1 μg ml.2In field studies, boscalid applied at 5.6 μg cm2provides 55.5 and 30.4% disease control for lettuce drop caused byS. minorandS. sclerotiorum, respectively. It decreases cell viability of mouse primary cortical neurons following long-term exposure but is not cytotoxic (LC50= >100 μM for acute and continuous exposure). Formulations containing boscalid have been used in agriculture to prevent fungal growth on crops. 1.Wang, Y., Duan, Y., Wang, J., et al.A new point mutation in the iron-sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase confers resistance to boscalid in Sclerotinia sclerotiorumMol. Plant Pathol.16(7)653-661(2015) 2.Matheron, M.E., and Porchas, M.Activity of boscalid, fenhexamid, fluazinam, fludioxonil, and vinclozolin on growth of Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum and development of lettuce dropPlant Dis.88(6)665-668(2004)

N-Formylglycine, an endogenous metabolite, is an inhibitor of succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase.

Methylmalonic acid is an indicator of vitamin B-12 deficiency in cancer patients.Methylmalonic acid is a competitive succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.

N-Acetylglycine is a minor constituent of food that is not genotoxic or acutely toxic and is capable of being used in biological studies of mimetic peptides.N-Acetylglycine acts as a blocker of the N-terminus of a peptide.3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is a competitive succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.

Malonic acid (propanedioic acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: it acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain. Malonic acid is found to be associated with malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

Dimethyl Malonate is a Succinate Dehydrogenase inhibitor.

ME1111, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor of Trichophyton species, serves as an antifungal agent effective against dermatophytes. Notably proficient in penetrating human nails, it is utilized in onychomycosis research.

SDH-IN-2, a potent succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.55 μg mL, demonstrates antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi, with EC50 values ranging from 3.82 to 9.81 μg mL.

Sitamaquine hydrochloride (WR 6026) is an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog with antileishmanial activity. This compound inhibits mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) and is characterized by its lipophilic weak base properties. It rapidly accumulates in the acidic compartments of Leishmania parasites, predominantly localizing within the acidocalcisomes.

Fluindapyr is a broad-spectrum, chiral pyrazoleamide fungicide classified as a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHIs). It exhibits a wide range of fungicidal activities and demonstrates effective results. In vitro studies show that Fluindapyr is effective against M. incognita, and its application in cucumbers has been shown to promote growth.

Flubeneteram (Flu) is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) that demonstrates potent fungicidal activity against F. graminearum.

Neotetrazolium chloride is primarily utilized in histochemistry for detecting dehydrogenase activity. Additionally, its reduction capability can differentiate malignant from non-malignant cells. In tumor sensitivity tests of chemotherapeutic compounds, Neotetrazolium chloride is also employed to estimate succinate dehydrogenase activity using colorimetric methods.

Antifungalagent 125 (compound 4H) is a potent succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.59 μg mL and exhibits fungicidal activity against Alternaria alternata.

SDH-IN-22 (Compound SEZC7) is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) with an IC50 of 16.6 μM. It exhibits antifungal properties, effectively suppressing Magnaporthe grisea with an EC50 of 0.5 mg L.

SDH-IN-20 (compound A19) is an antifungal agent that exhibits remarkable efficacy against Verticillium dahliae and R. solani, with EC50 values below 3.0 μg mL and 2.87 μg mL, respectively. It functions as a potent succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 29.33 μM, and significantly disrupts the cell membrane integrity and hyphal morphology of R. solani.