ros generation

Bixin is an orally active carotenoid that modulates TLR4/NF-κB, Nrf2, and ROS to mitigate high-fat diet-induced cardiac injury in mice and induces apoptosis in A549, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells.

Alpha-Boswellic acid (α-Boswellic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product extracted from frankincense, exhibiting anticonvulsant and anticancer effects, and in animals, it prevents and reduces Alzheimer's disease markers, making it valuable for Alzheimer's disease research.

Lorlatinib (PF-6463922) is an orally available, ATP-competitive inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and C-ros oncogene 1 (Ros1), with potential antineoplastic activity.

Lawsone methyl ether (2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) induces apoptosis in A549 cells independently of cell cycle arrest, mediated by JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These pathways are activated due to oxidative DNA damage from increased ROS generation in MNQ-treated A549 cells.

Bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide.Bifenthrin induces cell death in bovine mammary epithelial cells through ROS generation, disruption of calcium homeostasis, and alteration of the MAPK signaling cascade.Bifenthrin induces apoptosis by inducing cell-cycle arrest.

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

6-Dehydrogingerdione sensitizes human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via a reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism that enhances DR5 expression, up-regulates Ser-15 phosphorylation, and triggers nuclear translocation of p53. Abrogation of p53 using small interfering RNA markedly reduces 6-Dehydrogingerdione-induced DR5 and diminishes TRAIL responsiveness. ROS generation accompanies DR5 activation, and pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly attenuates these apoptotic responses, confirming 6-Dehydrogingerdione acts through p53-dependent and oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic pathways.

Succinyl phosphonate is a selective α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDHC ) and OGDHC inhibitor that inhibits α-ketoglutarate oxidative decarboxylation. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt inhibits glutamate-induced ROS generation in glutamate-stimulated hippocampal neurons and can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases.

Huangjiangsu A has hepatoprotective potential against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation and could be promising as potential therapeutic agents for liver diseases. Huangjiangsu A is isolated from D. villosa.

Berberine chloride hydrate (Natural Yellow 18 chloride hydrate) is an alkaloid with antibiotic properties, antitumor activity, and the ability to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibit DNA topoisomerase.

W-54011 is a potent non-peptide C5a receptor antagonist. W-54011 inhibits the binding of 125I-labeled C5a to human neutrophils (Ki: 2.2 nM). W-54011 inhibits C5a-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, chemotaxis, and generation of ROS in human neutrophi

NQO2-IN-1, a resveratrol analog, is a potent quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) inhibitor (IC50=95 nM) with antitumor potential through the generation of ROS and up-regulation of DR5 (death receptor 5) to reverse trial resistance and promote apoptosis.

Antibacterialagent 119 (Compound 21 g) is a potential antibacterial agent effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 1 μg/mL against tested strains. It induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and disrupts bacterial cell membranes, causing their rupture. Antibacterialagent 119 exhibits strong antimicrobial activity, low cytotoxicity, rapid bactericidal action, and favorable in vivo antibacterial efficacy.

PB01 is a DPP-4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 15.66 nM. It effectively suppresses high glucose-induced ROS generation and mitochondrial superoxide production while significantly reducing the cellular expression of DPP-4. Additionally, PB01 notably lowers blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. It demonstrates excellent safety, exhibiting almost no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 μM. PB01 holds promise for research in the diabetes field.

ROS-ERS inducer 2 (Complex 3f) promotes the generation of intracellular ROS, affects mitochondrial function, facilitates the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). It plays a significant role in anti-hepatocellular carcinoma research.

C12-rrw-NH2 (Compound Lip7) is an antimicrobial agent effective against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly demonstrating significant activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It induces bacterial cell death by depolarizing the bacterial cell membrane, disrupting membrane integrity, causing nucleic acid and protein leakage, and promoting the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). C12-rrw-NH2 is applicable in research focused on developing highly stable antimicrobial peptides.

Anticanceragent 269 (Compound 11c) is an orally active caspase-3 activator that exhibits significant anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 and promoting ROS generation. It is a valuable compound for research within the cancer field.

2-Pyridinamine, 4-[3-fluoro-5-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl] (Compound 9l) is an ATP-competitive JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 0.099 μM and 0.148 μM for JNK1 and JNK3 respectively, exhibiting the advantage of blood-brain barrier penetration. 2-Pyridinamine, 4-[3-fluoro-5-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl] inhibits c-Jun phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, making it suitable for neurodegenerative disease research.

DHODH-IN-26 (compound B2) is a mitochondrial DHODH inhibitor with anticancer properties. It induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotes mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and triggers ferroptosis.

Antibiofilm agent-8 (compound Ru2) boosts antibacterial activity under visible light (400-700 nm, 10 J cm-2). It induces oxidative stress by promoting NADH oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which disrupts the bacterial cell wall.

Bcl-2-IN-20 (Compound 81) is a Bcl-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of less than 10 μM, achieving a 79.1% inhibition rate at 9 μM. It demonstrates cytotoxicity in cell lines such as SK-MEL-28 (IC50 > 10 μM), A549 (IC50 = 6.1 μM), HepG2 (IC50 > 10 μM), MCF-7 (IC50 = 8.9 μM), HCT116 (IC50 > 10 μM), and HEK-293 (IC50 = 14.1 μM). Bcl-2-IN-20 also promotes the generation of ROS, inducing apoptosis and DNA damage.

SB-T-101141 is a novel taxane drug effective in inducing atypical ferroptosis, thereby overcoming resistance of breast cancer to Paclitaxel. It promotes the generation of iron ions, ferrous ions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). SB-T-101141 stably binds to KHSRP, inhibiting the expression of the iron-dependent CISD1 related to iron homeostasis. It synergistically enhances the activation of the iron-dependent JNK and PERK pathways through KHSRP. SB-T-101141 inhibits breast tumor growth in MCF-7(PR)/MDA-MB-231(PR) or KHSRP knockout MCF-7 xenograft mouse models.

Antitumor photosensitizer-9 is a near-infrared photosensitizer (PS) with a high singlet oxygen production rate (relative rate = 1.79). It demonstrates significant phototoxicity against various cancer cells by inducing ROS generation under light exposure. In vivo, it inhibits tumor growth effectively and exhibits excellent anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects at low drug and light doses. Antitumor photosensitizer-9 is suitable for photodynamic therapy research.

Theophylline-platinum(IV) prodrug-1 is a PARP-1 inhibitor. It enhances DNA damage, ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and S-phase arrest in SKOV3-BRCA1-KD cells while reducing invasion and metastasis. Additionally, it exhibits strong antitumor activity in SKOV3-BRCA1-KD xenograft tumor models. This compound is used for ovarian cancer research.