retinopathy

1, 5-Isoquinolinediol is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARP1; IC50: 0.39 μM). The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) form a family of enzymes with roles in DNA repair and apoptosis. 1, 5-Isoquinolinediol has been used to study the role of

INCA-6 (Triptycene-1,4-quinone) is a cell-permeable NFAT inhibitor that disrupts CN-NFAT signaling by targeting the NFAT(P) substrate at the calcineurin (CN) phosphatase site.

Acetylvaline (Ac-Val-OH) is used as an indicator of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and retinopathy.

CAY10746 is a selective Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, targeting ROCK I and ROCK II with IC50 values of 0.014 μM and 0.003 μM, respectively. CAY10746 can be employed in the study of diabetic retinopathy.

CA 074 is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B with a Ki value of 2 to 5 nM.CA 074 inhibits ischemic hippocampal neuronal death in primates and attenuates retinopathy and optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by SJL J mice.

Ascorbic acid, rutoside drug combination is used for treating diabetic retinopathy.

Diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor.

VEC6 is a VEZF1–DNA interaction inhibitor that recapitulates RhoB loss in ischaemic retinopathy.

VU0285655-1(BML-280) is a potent and selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor that inhibits the proliferation of PLD2-deficient cells.VU0285655-1 has an inhibitory effect on high glucose-induced caspase-3 cleavage and reduction of cell viability.VU0285655-1 is used in the study of diabetic retinopathy.

JNJ-26076713, an orally active alpha V integrin antagonist, represents a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

12-HETE ((±)12-HETE) is a modulator of PGE2, with both anti-thrombotic and pro-thrombotic effects, inducing PGE2 release and COX-2 expression via phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) inducers. It is also a neuroregulator activating retinal cell endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy.

Specnuezhenide (Nuezhenide) is isolated from the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum. It inhibits NF-κB and wnt β-catenin signaling, thereby suppressing IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA).

1. Obtusifolin has antioxidant properties and improves chemically induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. 2. Obtusifolin suppresses phthalate esters-mediated bone resorption, thus may be a novel anti-breast-cancer bone me

SSAO inhibitor-2 (Compound 1) is an inhibitor of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) with IC50 values <10 nM for human SSAO and 10-100 μM for MAO-A, respectively [1]. It can be used in the research of atherosclerosis, diabetes and its complications, obesity, stroke, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis.

SSAO inhibitor-3 (Compound 2) is an inhibitor of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) with IC50 values of 0.1-10 μM and <10 nM for human AOC1 and SSAO, respectively, and can be used in the study of atherosclerosis, diabetes and its complications, obesity, stroke, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis, etc. [1].

Plasma kallikrein-IN-3, a potent inhibitor ( IC 50 : 0.15 μM) of plasma kallikrein, finds application in research related to hereditary angioedema, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy [1].

SF0166 is a potent, selective antagonist of α v β 3, demonstrating IC 50 values of 0.6 nM for α v β 3, 8 nM for α v β 6, and 13 nM for α v β 8. It effectively inhibits cellular adhesion to vitronectin in human, rat, rabbit, and dog cell lines, with IC 50 values ranging from 7.6 pM to 76 nM. Additionally, SF0166 significantly reduces neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model.

Plasma kallikrein-IN-2, a potent inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (PKal) with an inhibitory concentration (IC) 50 value of 0.1 nM, is utilized in research targeting hereditary angioedema, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy.

UBX1325, a Bcl-xL inhibitor, enhances apoptosis in senescent cells, serving as an effective anti-aging agent. It holds potential for age-related eye disease research, including diabetic macular oedema (DME), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) [1].

Arginyl-Glutamine (Arg-Gln) is a dipeptide nutritional supplement that protects against hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal mice, reducing VEGF levels and inhibiting retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, also alleviating lung injury in neonatal mice.

CXCR4-IN-1 (Example C5), with an IC50 of 20 nM, is a potent inhibitor of CXCR4, applicable for the research of various conditions such as cancer, HIV, diabetic retinopathy, and inflammation [1].

RPE65-IN-1 (Compound 16e) serves as a potent inhibitor of RPE65, applicable in studies related to retinopathy [1].

CU06-1004 (Sac-1004) is an orally active compound that mitigates endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting hyperpermeability and inflammation. It reduces vascular leakage and inflammation in multiple animal models, including diabetic retinopathy, stroke, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. CU06-1004 also improves conditions in a CDAA-induced mouse model of NASH and enhances cardiac function [1] [2] [3].

LY 379196, a potent PKC-β inhibitor (IC 50: 50 nM for PKC βI and 30 nM for PKC βII), effectively suppresses the proliferation of bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells (BREC) induced by VEGF, IGF-1, and bFGF. This compound serves as an antiproliferative agent for proliferative retinopathy.