ophthalmic

Ophthalmic acid is a glutathione analog in which cysteine is substituted by L-aminobutyrate.

Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (Murine Plus) is an imidazoline derivative with alpha receptor agonist activity.

N-Acetylcarnosine (N-Acetyl-L-carnosine) is thought to be able to combat some of the effects of oxidative stress as it has anti-oxidant properties.

Tetrahydrozoline (Tetryzoline), an alpha agonist, have an effect on the constriction of conjunctival blood vessels. This contributes to relieve the redness of the eye resulted from minor ocular irritants.

Ketorolac (Acuvail) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the family of heterocyclic acetic acid derivatives. It acts by inhibiting the bodily synthesis of prostaglandins.

Polyquaternium-1 (PQ-1) exerts strong bacteriostasis and little eye irritation and can be used as a polycationic ophthalmic preservative. Polyquaternium-1 inhibits the growth of microbial contaminants in multi-dose bottles of topical medications.

Triparanol (NSC-65345) interferes with posttranslational modification of Hedgehog signaling molecules as well as the sterol sensing domain of its receptor PTCH1, leading to down-regulation of Hedgehog signaling. Triparanol suppresses human tumor growth and is an antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity.

Ciamexon (Ciamexone) is a novel immunomodulator that has shown promising results in experimental models of autoimmune disease with little demonstrated cytotoxicity.Ciamexon can be used to study endocrine ophthalmopathies and diabetes mellitus, with slight improvement in ophthalmic disease following short-term administration.

SYA 006 can be used to make adhesives for ophthalmic surgery.

Loteprednol etabonate (Lotemax) is an ophthalmic analog of the corticosteroid prednisolone with anti-inflammatory activity.

Acetylcholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of acetylcholine, a synthetic, quaternary amino alcohol with cholinergic properties. Acetylcholine chloride (Pilofrin) mimics the parasympathomimetic effect of the endogenous compound acetylcholine. Administered as an ophthalmic solution, this drug stimulates the cholinoceptors in the sphincter muscle of the iris, causing the pupil to constrict.

Levobupivacaine is an amino-amide local anaesthetic drug belonging to the family of n-alkylsubstituted pipecoloxylidide. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Chirocaine. Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is approximately 13 per cent less potent (by molarity) than racemic bupivacaine.Levobupivacaine is indicated for local anaesthesia including infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia in adults; and infiltration analgesia in children. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when it is administered correctly. Most ADRs relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, however allergic reactions can rarely occur.

Hyaluronidase (Hyaluronate 4-glycanohydrolase), a naturally occurring enzyme, depolymerizes hyaluronic acid through glycosidic bond cleavage and is utilized in ophthalmic surgery.

Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromfenac monosodium salt sesquihydrate) is the sodium salt form of bromfenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Upon ophthalmic administration, bromfenac binds to and inhibits cyclooxygenase II (COX II), an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, which are prostaglandin (PG) precursors. By inhibiting PG formation, bromfenac prevents PG-induced inflammation, vasodilation, leukocytosis, disruption of the blood-aqueous humor barrier, increased vascular permeability, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

Fluorometholone (Fluoromethalone) is a corticosteroid, most often used after laser-based refractive surgery. It is marketed under the brand names FML (Allergan) and Flarex (Alcon). Fluorometholone acetate ophthalmic suspension is indicated for use in the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the eye.

Dipivefrin hydrochloride (Dipivefrin HCl) that is available as an ophthalmic solution is a prodrug of adrenaline, which is used to treat glaucoma.

BIZ 114 potently inhibits the TNF-α activated NF-κΒ pathway. BIZ 114 has the potential to prevent and/or treat ophthalmic disorders.

Atropine methyl bromide (Methylatropine bromide) is a quaternary ammonium salt of atropine, characterized as a muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist. It functions as a mydriatic to dilate the pupil during ophthalmic examination. Compared to atropine, it demonstrates reduced penetration into the central nervous system[1][2]. Its high polarity makes it particularly effective in relieving pyloric spasm in infants.

Latanoprostene bunod (LBN) is nitric oxide (NO)-donating prostaglandin F2a analog and is a topical ophthalmic therapeutic. It is used for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT).

Ketorolac (RS37619) hydrochloride is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a non-selective COX inhibitor, exhibiting IC50 values of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. This compound is utilized in a 0.5% ophthalmic solution format for the investigation of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and post-operative ocular inflammation pain. Additionally, Ketorolac hydrochloride serves as a DDX3 inhibitor, making it pertinent for research in cancer therapies.

Rodocaine (R 22.700) has been demonstrated as an effective anesthetic in ophthalmic surgeries.

LAURIXAMINE is a fungicide that also possesses antibacterial properties and is used in ophthalmic applications.

BI-1942 is a chymase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM against human chymase. It is applicable for research in ophthalmic diseases.

Aftobetin, also known as ANCA11 and NCE-11, is a novel amyloid–binding compound applied topically in the form of an ophthalmic ointment. Aftobetin may be of useful as an aid in the diagnosis Alzheimer's disease.