non-opioid

Ziconotide Acetate (107452-89-1 free base) (Prialt) is an analgesic agent and has been used to treat neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. Ziconotide Acetate (107452-89-1 free base) acts by binding to N-type calcium channels situated on the terminal part of primary afferent neurons of the nociceptive pathway therefore reducing synaptic transmission with potent antinociceptive effects.

Flupirtine maleate (Katadolon maleate), a centrally acting non-opioid analgesia, is the salt form of Flupirtine. It is an NMDA receptor antagonist , and also a specific neuronal potassium channel opener.

Opiranserin (VVZ-149) hydrochloride is a dual antagonist of glycine transporter type 2 (GlyT2) and serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A), with IC50s of 0.86 and 1.3 μM, respectively. It shows antagonistic activity on rP2X3 (IC50=0.87 μM). It is development as an injectable agent for the treatment of postoperative pain.

Gaboxadol (hydrochloride) is a GABAA receptor agonist.

4-Methylamino antipyrine, an active metabolite of Metamizole, a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits COX, possesses analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak anti-inflammatory properties.

AT-121 is a dual μ-opioid and neuropeptide receptor partial agonist (Kis 16.49 and 3.67 nM, respectively). It stimulates [35S]GTPγS binding to cell membranes expressing either μ-opioid receptors or neuropeptide receptors (EC50s of 19.6 and 34.7 nM, respectively.) AT-121 (0.003-0.03 mg/kg) reduced capsaicin-induced thermal anisocoria in a dose-dependent manner, but did not increase scratching activity in rhesus monkeys. In rhesus monkey drug self-administration tests, AT-121 at doses of 0.3 to 10 μg/kg per injection lacked reinforcing effects (a potential marker of abuse) and did not reduce the reinforcing effects of food pellets.AT-121 (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg) did not induce hyperalgesia, a marker of tolerance, in rhesus monkeys.AT-121 is a safe non-addictive pain reliever with anti-injury and analgesic effects.

Vocacapsaicin hydrochloride (CA-008 hydrochloride) is a non-opioid TRPV1 agonist, a raw material for capsaicin, and is used for pain relief.

AT-121 hydrochloride is a dual agonist of nociception and mu opioid receptor with Ki values of 3.67 and 16.49 nM, respectively.AT-121 hydrochloride is a safe, non-addictive, pain relieving compound with anti-injury and analgesic activity. AT-121 hydrochloride is a safe, non-addictive, pain relieving compound with anti-injury and analgesic activity.

SNC 80 (NIH 10815) is a potent, highly selective and non-peptide δ-opioid receptor agonist, Ki = 1.78 nM, IC50 = 2.73 nM. SNC80 also selectively activates μ-δ heteromer in HEK293 cells with an EC50 of 52.8 nM. SNC80 shows antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic and antidepressant‐like effects. SNC80 has the potential for multiple headache disorders treatment.

Nefopam hydrochloride (Nefopam HCl) is the hydrochloride salt form of nefopam, a centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine with analgesic activity.

Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Unifiram is a nootropic agent.1It increases acetylcholine (ACh) release in the rat cerebral cortexin vivoand induces a long-lasting increase in the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the rat hippocampal CA1 region (EC50= 27 nM). It does not bind to serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, muscarinic, nicotinic, adrenergic, glutamate, histamine, opioid, or GABA receptors at 1 μM. Unifiram (0.1 mg/kg) improves memory in non-memory-impaired rats in a social learning test.2It also prevents memory deficits induced by the anticholinergic agent scopolamine, nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine, GABABreceptor agonist baclofen, or α2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine in the passive avoidance test in mice when administered at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg and prevents memory deficits induced by the AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist NBQX at 0.1 mg/kg.1 1.Romanelli, M.N., Galeotti, N., Ghelardini, C., et al.Pharmacological characterization of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram), new potent cognition enhancersCNS Drug Rev.12(1)39-52(2006) 2.Ghelardini, C., Galeotti, N., Gualtieri, F., et al.The novel nootropic compound DM232 (unifiram) ameliorates memory impairment in mice and ratsDrug Develop. Res.56(1)23-32(2002)

Opiranserin is a development as an injectable agent for the treatment of postoperative pain. Opiranserin is a non-opioid and non-NSAID analgesic candidate and is a dual antagonist of glycine transporter type 2 (GlyT2) and serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A) (IC50s: 0.86 and 1.3 μM, respectively). Opiranserin displays antagonistic activity on rP2X3 (IC50=0.87 μM).

Nispomeben is an effective non-opioid analgesic.

Tonazocine, a non-peptide compound, primarily functions as a partial δ-opioid receptor agonist, with additional properties of a μ-receptor antagonist and weak κ-receptor agonist activity.

FLUMEXADOL is a non-opioid analgesic.

Tazadolene is a non-opioid analgesic with antidepressant properties.

4-Hydroxy-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine is a synthetic ligand for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) or non-opioid intracellular sigma-1 receptors (σ1 receptors). It serves as a metabolite of the opioid compounds furanylfentanyl and 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (FIBF).

M4mAChRModulator-2 is an orally active and selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4mAChR) capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, with an EC50 of 513 nM. It demonstrates high target selectivity, showing minimal affinity and low inhibition rates for non-target receptors (D1R/D2R/D3R, 5-HT subtypes, κ/δ/μ opioid receptors, H1, M1/M2), while specifically binding to M4mAChR with a Ki of 377 nM and an inhibition rate of 62.8%. Additionally, M4mAChRModulator-2 can reverse the hyperlocomotion induced by Dizocilpine (MK-801) in mice and is applicable for schizophrenia research.

Methocinnamox (M-CAM) is a selective μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist with a Ki of 0.6 nM, known for its long-lasting receptor binding. Its extended activity results from non-covalent attachment to the MOR orthosteric site, which leads to prolonged receptor blockade requiring new receptor synthesis for function restoration. Additionally, Methocinnamox reversibly antagonizes κ-opioid receptors (KOR) (Ki = 4.9 nM) and δ-opioid receptors (DOR) (Ki = 2.2 nM) without exhibiting intrinsic agonistic activity. This compound can be utilized for reversing and preventing opioid overdose and use disorders.

nAChRantagonist 2 is a selective nAChR antagonist that demonstrates inhibitory activity against nAChR subtypes, including human α9α10, α9, and α7, in Xenopus laevis oocytes, with IC50 values of 16.0 nM, 26.2 nM, and 336.3 nM, respectively. It inhibits ATP-induced IL-1β release at nanomolar concentrations and can be utilized in research related to non-opioid analgesics and immunomodulators.

Salvinorin A is a non-nitrogenous κ-opioid selective agonist.

non-peptide δ1 opioid receptor agonist

DDD-028 is a potential non-opioid and non-cannabinoid analgesic. It was used for treating neuropathic and inflammatory pain.