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Solasodine (Purapuridine)(Purapuridine) is a poisonous alkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine showed selective cytotoxicity against cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and human myeloid leukemia cell line (U937).

S-Methyl-L-cysteine (S-Methylcysteine) is a natural product serving as a substrate in the methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) catalyzed antioxidant system, exhibiting neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-obesity properties.

(S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol (Perillyl alcohol), a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits Ras farnesylation, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor, induces apoptosis, and exhibits anti-cancer activity.

(E)-Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 10-250 and 150->500 μg/ml, respectively) and fungi (MICs = 15-50 μg/ml).1(E)-Ajoene inhibits proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, including MDA-MB-231 breast, HeLa cervical, and WHCO1 esophageal cancer cells (IC50s = 18.6, 61, and 39.2 μM, respectively).2It also inhibits human glutathione reductase andT. cruzitrypanothione reductase when used at a concentration of 200 μM.3(E)-Ajoene (25 mg/kg) is neuroprotective in a gerbil model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, reducing reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis in the hippocampal CA1 region.4 1.Yoshida, H., Iwata, N., Katsuzaki, H., et al.Antimicrobial activity of a compound isolated from an oil-macerated garlic extractBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.62(5)1014-1017(1998) 2.Kaschula, C.H., Hunter, R., Hassan, H.T., et al.Anti-proliferation activity of synthetic ajoene analogues on cancer cell-linesAnticancer Agents Med. Chem.11(3)260-266(2011) 3.Gallwitz, H., Bonse, S., Martinez-Cruz, A., et al.Ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: Crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studiesJ. Med. Chem.42(3)364-372(1999) 4.Yoo, D.Y., Kim, W., Nam, S.M., et al.Neuroprotective effects of Z-ajoene, an organosulfur compound derived from oil-macerated garlic, in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemiaFood Chem. Toxicol.721-7(2014)

Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound found in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL and possesses anti-acne and tyrosinase inhibition properties. Additionally, isoastilbin demonstrates neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial, and anti-apoptotic properties, indicating potential for Alzheimer's disease research.

(S)-(-)-Canadine (tetrahydroberberine) is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid, acting as a D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist, capable of blocking dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. (S)-(-)-Canadine also enhances gastrointestinal motility, blocks K(ATP) channels in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons, and exerts neuroprotective effects.

(S,S)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((S,S)-SDG) is a lignan present in flaxseed with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial and neuroprotective properties and can be used in the study of obesity, arthritis and osteoporosis.