muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Clozapine N-oxide is the major metabolite of Clozapine and is blood-brain barrier permeable. Clozapine N-oxide is an agonist of DREADDs and activates the DREADD receptors hM3Dq and hM4Di. Clozapine N-oxide is also a dopamine antagonist and selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist.

Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (Ipratropium bromide hydrate) is a muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

Solifenacin succinate (YM905) is a quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE.

Brompheniramine maleate (Dimotane) is an antagonist against histamine H1 receptors.

Homatropine Methylbromide is the methyl bromide salt of homatropine, a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid with antimuscarinic properties.

Clozapine (HF 1854) is a tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity.

Diphenmanil methylsulfate (Diphemanil mesylate), a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic, binds muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus decreases secretory excretion of stomach acids, sweat, and saliva.

Amitriptyline hydrochloride (Annoyltin) is the hydrochloride salt of the tricyclic dibenzocycloheptadiene amitriptyline with antidepressant and antinociceptive activities.

Flavoxate hydrochloride (DW61) , a muscarinic AChR antagonist, is used in the therapy of various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic.

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride (NSC 5746 HCl) is an M3-type muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Pilocarpine Hydrochloride was used to make an experimental model of epilepsy.

Diphenidol hydrochloride (Difenidol hydrochloride), a muscarinic antagonist, is employed as an anti-vertigo and as an antiemetic drug.

Propantheline bromide (Pro-Banthine) competitively antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors at neuroeffector sites on smooth muscle and exocrine gland cells. Propantheline Bromide is the bromide salt form of propantheline, a quaternary ammonium compound structurally related to belladonna alkaloids. An aspartic acid residue present in the N-terminal portion of the third transmembrane helix of the muscarinic receptor is believed to form an ionic bond with the tertiary or quaternary nitrogen of the antagonist. Antagonism leads to a reduction of exocrine glands secretions and to relax the bronchial muscle and reduce tone and motility of intestinal smooth muscle.

Oxybutynin chloride (Oxybutynin HCl) is an anticholinergic medication used to relieve urinary and bladder difficulties. It competitively antagonizes the M1, M2, and M3 subtypes of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

Oxybutynin (Ditropan) is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used for treatment of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome.

Pilocarpine nitrate (Pilagan) is a slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

Anethole trithione (Anetholtrithion) is a bile secretion-stimulating drug that restores salivation and relieves the discomfort of dry mouth in chemotherapy-induced xerostomia.

Pirenzepine dihydrochloride (LS519) is a selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist, inhibiting gastric secretion.

Olanzapine (LY170053) is an atypical antipsychotic that is used currently in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar illness.

Arecoline hydrobromide (Arecoline HBr) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.

Bethanechol chloride (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. It is used to increase smooth muscle tone in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or to treat urinary retention without obstruction. Possible side effects include hypotension, heart rate changes, and bronchial spasm.

Desfesoterodine (5-HMT) is a new muscarinic receptor antagonist with Kb of 0.84 nM.

Ipratropium Bromide (Sch 1000) is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used as an inhalant for treatment of acute bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Irsogladine (Dicloguamine) is an anti-gastric ulcer agent that facilitates gap-junctional intercellular communication through M1 muscarininc acetylcholine receptor binding.

Choline bitartrate (2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium) is a form of the nutrient choline which is found in foods. Choline is necessary for normal liver and kidney function and a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, a chemical that facilitates communication between the nerves and muscles.