hyperglycemia

Gatifloxacin hydrochloride (AM-1155 hydrochloride) is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

Clomipramine hydrochloride (Anafranil) is a tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.

Arjunolic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anticholinesterasic (AChE and BuChE) activities, it may as promising targets for the development of innovative multi-functional medicines for Alzheimer desease treatment.

Insulin (human) is a peptide hormone that promotes glycogen synthesis and regulates glucose levels in the blood. Insulin (human) has hypoglycemic activity and is used clinically to treat hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.

Insulin(cattle) is a peptide hormone that promotes glycogen synthesis and regulates glucose levels in the blood. Insulin has hypoglycemic activity and is used clinically to treat hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.

Sergliflozin A is a selective SGLT2 inhibitor that induces diabetes in a dose-dependent manner. It reduces hyperglycemia.

LI-2242 is a potent inositol hexakisphosphate kinase (IP6K) inhibitor with IC50s of 31 nM, 42 nM, 8.7 nM, and 1944 nM for IP6K1, IP6K2, IP6K3, and IPMK, respectively.LI-2242 ameliorated hepatic steatosis by reducing the expression of genes that enhance lipid uptake, lipid stabilization, and adipogenesis, and enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and insulin signaling in adipocytes and hepatocytes in vitro. LI-2242 ameliorated diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in mice.LI-2242 can be used to study type II diabetes, obesity, metabolic complications, venous thrombosis and psychiatric disorders.

Glabridin (KB-289522) may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent in diabetes-related vascular dysfunction, through regulating the synthesis and activity of iNOS under high-glucose levels; may possess a therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders( such as diabetes and hyperglycemia), by modulating glucose metabolism through AMPK in skeletal muscle cells. Glabridin may have potential as a chemopreventive agent against liver Y metastasis, by inhibiting the invasion of human HCC cells.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

D-Tagatose (D-(-)-Tagatose), a rare natural hexoketose and isomer of D-galactose, occurs naturally in Sterculia setigera gum and is found in small quantities in various foods such as sterilized and powdered cow's milk, hot cocoa, and various cheeses, yogurts, and other dairy products. It can be synthesized from D-galactose by isomerization under alkaline conditions in the presence of calcium. D-Tagatose has numerous health benefits, including promotion of weight loss, no glycemic effect, anti-plaque, non-cariogenic, anti-halitosis, prebiotic, and anti-biofilm properties; it is beneficial for organ transplants, enhancement of flavor, improvement of pregnancy and fetal development, treatment of obesity, and reduction in symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, anemia, and hemophilia. (PMID: 17492284).

Voglibose (Glustat), an N-substituted derivative of valiolamine, exhibits excellent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidases and action against hyperglycemia and various disorders caused by hyperglycemia.

(−)-Myrtenal ameliorates hyperglycemia by enhancing GLUT2 through Akt in the skeletal muscle and liver of diabetic rats.

Morroniside would act as a regulator of hepatic inflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism in db db mice. It exhibits protective effects against diabetic renal damage and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, by inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative s

WAY-297848 is a novel glucokinase activator for the prevention or treatment of hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome.

KGA-2727 is a potent and selective SGLT1 inhibitor, with Kis of 97.4 nM and 43.5 nM for human and rat SGLT1, respectively. The selectivity ratios (Ki for SGLT2 Ki for SGLT1) of KGA-2727 are 140 (human) and 390 (rat). KGA-2727 for the treatment of diabete.

(R)-Aminocarnitine (Emeriamine) TFA is an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, effective in decreasing hyperglycemia and ketosis. This compound is used in research of metabolic diseases.

Antidiabetic agent 7 (Compound 5m) functions as a potent hyperglycemia inhibitor. It effectively stimulates GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells by activating the AMPK-dependent pathway. Additionally, this compound is capable of reducing blood glucose levels and exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Antidiabetic agent 7 is suitable for research related to antihyperglycemic treatments.

Glucokinase activator7 is an activator of glucose kinase (Glucokinase) and can be utilized in research on diabetes and hyperglycemia [refer to compound on page 176].

PSSI-51 is an orally active inhibitor of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) with selectivity for peripheral tissues. It effectively inhibits SCOT activity in peripheral tissues such as muscle and kidney, without affecting SCOT activity in brain tissue. By inhibiting SCOT, PSSI-51 reduces ketone body oxidation, thereby improving obesity-related hyperglycemia. It shows potential for research in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in addressing obesity-related metabolic disorders.

DN-108, a thiazolidinedione derivative, acts as an orally active peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist with antidiabetic properties. It improves hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic mouse models. DN-108 enhances tissue glucose uptake (e.g., increases 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 muscle cells) and inhibits fatty acid synthase activity, making it a promising candidate for type 2 diabetes research.

1-Deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride (Moranoline) is a potent and selective inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase, most commonly found in mulberry leaves. Duvoglustat is used to suppress the elevation of postprandial hyperglycemia.

CP-316819 (GPi 819) is a potent inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) with hypoglycemic effects, inhibits huSMGPa and huLGPa, maintains neuronal activity during hypoglycemia, and can be used in the study of hyperglycemia.

T-1095A is an active metabolite of T-1095, a potent and selective inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Chronic administration of T-1095 (0.1% w w(-1) pellet chow, for 12 weeks) decreased blood glucose and haemoglobin A(1C) levels, and improved

Trilobatin (P-Phlorizin) has anti-oxidant effect, can increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.Trilobatin has anti-inflammatory effect, it potentially inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway.Trilobatin shows a strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and a moderate inhibitory activity against α-amylase for management of postprandial hyperglycemia with less side effect.