divalent

Framycetin sulfate (Neomycin Sulphate B) belongs to aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more aminosugars connected by glycosidic bonds.

Calcimycin (A-23187) is an ionophorous, polyether carboxylic antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports calcium and other divalent cations across membranes, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, and inhibits ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is primarily used as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

DMT1 blocker 1 is a blocker of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) with IC50 of 0.64 μM, which is expected to block the absorption of iron by intestinal cells in vivo.

Ionomycin calcium (SQ23377 calcium) is an effective and selective calcium ionophore, demonstrating high specificity for divalent cations (Ca>Mg>Sr=Ba).

Surfactin is a potent cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactants that mediates flux of mono-and divalent cations, such as calcium, across lipid bilayer membranes, with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antimycoplasma and hemolytic effects.

Edetic acid (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent commonly used in protein purification, both to eliminate contaminating divalent cations and to inhibit protease activity.

Nitrilotriacetic acid (Nitriloacetate) is a chelator that tracks and enriches His-tagged proteins in living cells by reacting with divalent metal ions-mediated 6His tagging.

Lanthanum(III) chloride is an inorganic compound which used in biochemical research to block the activity of divalent cation channels, especially calcium channels.

Phytic acid sodium salt (Sodium phytate hydrate) is known to function as a [PO4]3- storage depot and a precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. It is a potent chelator of divalent and trivalent cations in vitro.

Calcimycin (A-23187) hemicalcium salt is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). It induces Ca2+-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration.

Chromomycin A3 is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp that binds to gc-rich DNA sequences in the presence of divalent cations and inhibits DNA replication and transcription; it is also used as a fluorescent DNA stain and assay; and it has anticancer activity against diseases such as Hodgkin's, lung adenocarcinomas, melanomas, and breast cancer.

DMT1 blocker 2, compound 12f, is a direct inhibitor of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) with an IC50 hydrogen peroxide value of 0.83, which is expected to block iron uptake by intestinal epithelial cells in vivo.

The compound Sodium Glucoheptonate (H-Quest A300), also known as Sodium Glucoheptonate, is a non-toxic and harmless chelating agent capable of forming stable complexes with divalent and trivalent metal ions such as Ca2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Al3+.

EDTA tetrasodium tetrahydrate is a metal chelator known for its ability to bind with divalent and trivalent metal cations, including calcium. It exhibits antihypercalcemic and anticoagulant properties. This compound reduces metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins and maintains a reducing environment during protein purification processes, making it commonly used for protein purification and storage. Additionally, it helps in minimizing the formation of disulfide bonds.

Pyrimidinone 8 is a reversible, linear non-competitive inhibitor of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) with a Ki of 20 μM (hDMT1). It does not affect the surface expression of hDMT1 and is not influenced by extracellular pH. Pyrimidinone 8 inhibits hDMT1-mediated iron uptake, with an IC50 of 13.8 μM.

Bacitracin complex is a bacitracin antibiotic complex composed of cyclic dipeptides that has been found inBacillus.1It is metal-dependent and is complexed to a divalent metal cation, such as Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, or Mn2+, for its activity.1,2Bacitracin complex is a mixture of bacitracin polypeptides in complex with copper. 1.Piacham, T., Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, C., Nantasenamat, C., et al.Metalloantibiotic Mn(II)-bacitracin complex mimicking manganese superoxide dismutaseBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.341(4)925-930(2006) 2.Rodríguez-Uribe, N.A., Pérez-González, R., Domínguez-Mendoza, B.E., et al.Metallobacitracins: Affinity and structural study in aqueous solutionInorg. Chem. Commun.10461-70(2019)

Miridesap (GSK2315698) is a divalent crosslinker of SAP that causes rapid depletion of circulating SAP via hepatic clearance. It also produces significant reduction of SAP from cerebrospinal fluid and visceral amyloid deposits

Calcimycin (A-23187) hemimagnesium, an antibiotic and divalent cation ionophore (such as calcium and magnesium), serves various biological roles. It triggers Ca2+-dependent cell death by elevating intracellular calcium levels and suppresses the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and certain fungi. Additionally, this compound hinders ATPase activity and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mammalian cells, ultimately leading to apoptosis [1] [2] [3] [4].

Acetate kinase (ACK), an enzyme prevalent in bacteria and archaea, catalyzes the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of ATP and divalent cations, facilitating the production of acetyl-CoA. It is frequently utilized in biochemical research [1].

Alkali blue 6B monosodium (IND) is an alkaline dye employed as a reagent in biochemical and medical research. This compound interacts with various proteins and is useful for studies on protein adsorption. Featuring SO3H-, NH-, and OH- groups, Alkali blue 6B monosodium (IND) can react with divalent heavy metal ions, making it applicable for the removal of heavy metals from water.

Alginate Methacryloyl (AlgMA) (MW 300000) is a methacryloyl-modified alginate known for its potential use in tissue engineering scaffolds and 3D printing inks. This compound exhibits biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and low toxicity, and can physically crosslink with divalent cations such as calcium. Under the influence of photoinitiator LAP, AlgMA self-assembles into fibrous hydrogels, targeting bioactive adhesion sites to provide inherent support to tissue cells and facilitate biodegradation. It is applicable in fields such as cell culture, biological 3D printing, and tissue engineering.

Alginate Methacryloyl (MW 50000) is a methacryloyl-modified alginate that shows promise for use as a scaffold in tissue engineering and as a 3D printing ink. It is characterized by its biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and low toxicity, and can physically cross-link with divalent cations (e.g., calcium). With the aid of a photoinitiator LAP (HY-44076), it assembles into fibrous hydrogels targeting bioactive adhesion sites, supporting tissue cells inherently and exhibiting biodegradability. Applications include cell culture, bio 3D printing, and tissue engineering.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) sodium hydrate is a metal chelator that binds with divalent and trivalent metal cations, including calcium. It exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hypercalcemic, and anticoagulant properties. EDTA sodium hydrate reduces protein oxidation damage catalyzed by metal ions and maintains a reducing environment during protein purification, making it a common choice for protein purification and storage. Additionally, it can alleviate liver fibrosis and is used in research related to coronary artery disease and neurological disorders.