catalyst

4-Methylcinnamic acid is a cinnamic acid analog that can be used as an intervention catalyst to overcome antifungal tolerance. 4-Methylcinnamic acid can improve the potency of cell wall-disrupting agents.

α-Pyridone (2-Hydroxypyridine)e is the catalyst for generating β-oxopropyl carbonates from cyclic carbonates and alcohols and in the aminolysis of a polyglutamate.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (Methoxatin disodium salt), an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone, is a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. It is an efficient electron transfer catalyst from a number of organic substrates to molecular oxygen (O2), constructing quinoprotein model reactions.

4-Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide is used in a variety of scientific research applications, including the synthesis of drugs, peptides and other biologically active molecules. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and polymer synthesis.

4-Pentynoic acid (Propargylacetic acid) reacts with 1-bromo-1-alkynes in the presence of a Pd catalyst to yield biologically active ynenol lactones and is used in the synthesis of a cytotoxic macrolide via ring-closing metathesis of a bis acetylene.

trans-4-(Trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid is a photosensitizing compound. It is used as a reagent in the synthesis of various compounds, such as heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceuticals. It has also been used as a catalyst for organic reactions such as the Heck reaction and the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. It is also used as a fluorescent probe in biological studies to detect and monitor various biomolecules.

Cyclo(Leu-Leu) is an efficient supramolecular catalyst.