allodynia

Nitecapone is a reversible inhibitor of S-COMT (IC50 values of 300 nM in rat liver)

AS2717638 is an orally active and selective lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPA5) antagonist (IC50: 38 nM for hLPA5). It also significantly improves PGF2α-, PGE2-, and AMPA-induced allodynia.

A-887826 is a selective, orally bioavailable, and voltage-dependent Na(v1.8) channel blocker (IC50: 11 nM). It attenuates neuropathic tactile allodynia in vivo.

1. Poncirin (Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidoside) shows a significant in vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of the human gastric cancer cells, SGC-791, in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Poncirin prevents adipogenesis, enhances osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cellsincreased bone mineral density, and improves trabecular microarchitecture likely reflect increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption in GIO mice.

SC-236 (Sc 236) is an orally active and selective inhibitor of COX-2 (IC50 of 0.005 μM and 17.8 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively).

The ED50 of J-2156 in rats for the relief of mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hindpaws was 3.7 and 8.0 mg kg, respectively. J-2156 is a high potent, selective somatostatin receptor type 4 (SST4 receptor) agonist with IC5

MY-5445 (N-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine) is a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). MY-5445 selectively inhibits cGMP PDE (Ki:1.3 μM).

A-889425 is a selectively active oral TRPV1 receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 335 nM (rat) and 34 nM (human). This compound effectively penetrates the central nervous system, reducing mechanical allodynia and the response of spinal neurons to mechanical stimuli in rat paws following inflammation induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant.

PKR1 antagonist 1 (PC1) is an effective antagonist of PKR1. It alleviates both hyperalgesia and allodynia in SNI mice.

ASP8477 is a potent and selective FAAH inhibitor. It increases anandamide levels in the brain when administered orally. In rat models of neuropathic and osteoarthritic pain, ASP8477 demonstrates significant efficacy without causing motor coordination issues. A single oral dose of ASP8477 improves thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in rats with chronic constriction nerve injury. Moreover, ASP8477 restores the decreased muscle pressure threshold in a myalgia model induced by reserpine. Research indicates that ASP8477 possesses analgesic effects effective for alleviating neuropathic and functional pain, making its pharmacological properties suitable for chronic pain treatment.

5-HT6 inverse agonist 1 (Compound 33) is an antagonist of the 5-HT6 receptor with a Ki of 23 nM and a Kb of 6.62 nM. This compound can inhibit 5-HT6R-mediated Cdk5 and mTOR signaling pathways and reduce tactile allodynia induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rat models.

AD353 is a selective sigma-1 receptor ligand. It demonstrates high efficacy in models of capsaicin-induced allodynia and PGE2-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Additionally, AD353 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

Cizolirtine is a calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist. Cizolirtine may be useful for alleviating some neuropathic somatosensory disorders, in particular cold allodynia, with a reduced risk of undesirable side effects. Cizolirtine inhibits the spinal

KT109 is a selective inhibitor of DAGLβ (IC50 = 42 nM). KT109-treated wild-type mice displayed reductions in LPS-induced allodyni as well as in DAGL-β (-/-) micea. Repeated KT109 administration prevented the expression of LPS-induced allodynia, without ev

KML29 is highly selective and effective monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor. It has effective inhibition of human mouse rat MAGL (IC50: 5.9 15 43 nM). It has not inhibitory for FAAH (IC50 > 50 μM). It also effectively and selectively blocks hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in mice (IC50: 2.5 nM, 2-AG; >50 μM, AEA).

Asimadoline (EMD-61753) is a proprietary small molecule therapeutic, originally discovered by Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany. Asimadoline was originally developed to treat peripheral pain such as arthritis. Asimadoline is an orally administered agent that acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist. It has shown encouraging clinical efficacy for the treatment of IBS in a barostat study in IBS patients and has the potential for treating other gastrointestinal diseases.

Asimadoline hydrochloride (EMD-61753 hydrochloride) is a κ-opioid receptor agonist potentially for the treatment of pruritus. Asimadoline hydrochloride has also been shown to be used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

p38-α MAPK-IN-4 (Compound 69) is a selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK, with an IC50 of 1.5 μM, and effectively mitigates the onset of mechanical allodynia (MA) in vivo [1].

Tiagabine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tiagabine by GC- or LC-MS. Tiagabine is an inhibitor of GABA transporter 1. It inhibits seizures induced by DMCM in mice. Tiagabine reduces allodynia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain when used at a dose of 72.8 µmol kg, and it acts synergistically with gabapentin to delay pain responses in mice in the hot plate test. Formulations containing tiagabine have been used as adjunctive therapies in the treatment of partial seizures.

C3001a is a selective activator for TREK, against other two-pore domain K+(K2P) channels. C3001a binds to the cryptic binding site formed by P1 and TM4 in TREK-1. C3001a targets TREK channels in the peripheral nervous system to reduce the excitability of nociceptive neurons. In neuropathic pain, C3001a alleviated spontaneous pain and cold hyperalgesia. In a mouse model of acute pancreatitis, C3001a alleviated mechanical allodynia and inflammation. C3001a represents a lead compound which could advance the rational design of peripherally acting analgesics targeting K2P channels without opioid-like adverse effects.

α-Conotoxin Vc1.1 TFA is a peptide isolated from Conus victoriae and a selective nAChR antagonist that inhibits α3α5β2, α3β2 and α3β4, reversing mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain models and can be used to study neuropathic chronic pain. α-Conotoxin Vc1.1 TFA inhibits human dorsal root ganglion nerve excitability and mouse colon nociception via GABA(B) receptors.

Nocistatin, an endogenous neuropeptide, serves as a ligand for the orphan opioid receptor-like receptor and functionally antagonizes the neuropeptide nociceptin orphanin FQ (Noc OFQ). It inhibits 5-HT release through a G i o protein-mediated pathway and blocks nociceptin-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia [1] [2].

Nocistatin (human) TFA inhibits the allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by nociceptin and mitigates pain triggered by prostaglandin E2 [1].

Pruvanserin (EMD 281014 free acid), a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, is known to mitigate tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. Additionally, it has applications in insomnia research.