Retinoic acid receptors

Oxybenzone is a UV filter commonly used in tanning and skin protection agents. It is a derivative of benzophenone and is used as an endocrine disrupting chemical that penetrates the placental and blood-brain barriers. It impairs autophagy, alters epigenetic status and disrupts vitamin X-like receptor signaling in apoptotic neuronal cells.

Retinoic acid (Tretinoin), a metabolite of vitamin A, is a natural agonist of the retinoic acid receptor RAR and inhibits RARα/β/γ (IC50=14 nM). Retinoic acid induces cellular differentiation, reduces cellular proliferation, and inhibits tumorigenesis.

Adapalene (CD271) is a dual RAR and RXR agonist, utilized in the treatment of skin conditions.

Acitretin (Ro 10-1670) is a second-generation systemic retinoid used in the treatment of psoriasis.

Isotretinoin (13-cis-Retinoic acid) binds to and activates nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which act as transcription factors that promote cell differentiation and apoptosis. This naturally occurring retinoic acid has potential antineoplastic activity, exhibits immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory responses, and inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, thereby decreasing polyamine synthesis and keratinization.

Tamibarotene (Amnolake) is an orally active, synthetic retinoid, developed to overcome all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistance, with potential antineoplastic activity.

Magnolol (5,5'-Diallyl-2,2'-biphenyldiol) is a dual agonist of RXRα( EC50=10.4 μM) and PPARγ(EC50=17.7 μM). It blocks TNF-α-induced NF-KB activation.

TTNPB (Ro 13-7410,AGN-191183), a potent RAR agonist, inhibits binding of [3H]tRA of human RARα (IC50: 5.1 nM), β (IC50: 4.5 nM), and γ (IC50: 9.3 nM), respectively.

Fenretinide (4-HPR) is an orally-active synthetic retinoid derivative with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities.

BMS453 (BMS-189453), a synthetic retinoid, is a potent and selective agonist of RARβ and a potent testicular toxin. BMS453 inhibits breast cell growth predominantly through the induction of active TGFβ.

HX 531 is a RXR antagonist (IC50 of 18 nM). HX 531 prevents HF diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes by reducing tissue TG content in white adipose tissue (WAT), skeletal muscle, and liver in mice.

AR7 is a retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) antagonist.

CD437 (AHPN) is a specifc Retinoic Acid Receptor γ (RARγ) agonist.

AM580 (CD336) is a retinoic acid receptor agonist that is selective for RARα( IC50 : 8 nM )

Bexarotene (LGD1069) is a retinoid analogue that is used to treat the skin manifestations of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Tazarotene (Zorac) is a synthetic, topical retinoid. Tazarotene induces the expression of tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3), a tumor suppressor gene. In psoriasis, tazarotene normalizes abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and reduces their hyperproliferation.

Talarozole (R115866) is an oral systemic all-trans retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA) that inhibits CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 with IC50s of 5.4 and 0.46 nM, respectively, for treating acne, psoriasis, and other keratinization disorders.

Trifarotene (CD5789) is a potent and selective RARγ agonist, exhibiting 65-fold and 16-fold selectivity for RARγ (EC50=7.7 nM) over RARα (EC50=500 nM) and RARβ (EC50=125 nM).

Bigelovin is a selective retinoid X receptor α agonist. Bigelovin suppresses tumor growth through inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the inhibition of mTOR pathway regulated by ROS generation.It is also known as a potent cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone from Inula sp.

Mofarotene (Ro-40-8757) is a small molecule compound that shows considerable antitumor activity in many cancer cell lines and can be used for the treatment of tumors and respiratory diseases.Mofarotene is a retinoic acid analog that binds to and activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which alters the expression of certain genes, leading to reduced cell differentiation and cell proliferation in susceptible cells.

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium (Poly(I:C) sodium) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5).

LG-100064 is an agonist of retinoid-X-receptor (RXR)(EC50s of 330 nM, 200 nM, and 260 nM for RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ)

Liarozole (R75251 dihydrochloride) is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) dependent inhibitor, orally active, it also a potent inhibitor of estrogen (via inhibition of aromatase) and testicular androgen synthesis (inhibition of 17 ,20-lyase).Liarozole dihydrochloride is an imidazole derivative; it is being investigated as a non-hormonal agent in prostate cancer and in the treatment of various other cancers and skin disorders.

AGN 194310 (VTP-194310) is a pan-antagonist for retinoic acid receptors (RARs), with Kd values of 3 nM, 2 nM, and 5 nM for RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, respectively[1][2].