Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe

BODIPY 581/591 C11 is a fluorescent radioactive probe used to indicate lipid peroxidation and antioxidant efficacy in model membrane systems and living cells.

H2DCFDA (DCFH-DA) belongs to the class of green fluorescent dyes and is a probe for the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex/Em=488/525 nm) with cell membrane permeability.

Dihydroethidium (PD-MY 003) is a peroxide indicator with blue fluorescence in the cytoplasm (λex=518 nm, λem=616 nm), which disappears when oxidized and is cell permeable.

ADHP (10-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine) is a fluorogenic peroxidase substrate (λex=530 nm, λem=590 nm).

5-ROX, SE ([5-Carboxy-X-rhodamine, succinimidyl ester] *Single isomer*) is a labeling reagen used in the preparation of charge-modified dye-labeled Dideoxynucleotide Triphosphates (ddNTP) to direct-load DNA sequencing.

1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) is a fluorescent probe. It possesses a highly specific reactivity towards singlet oxygen forming an endoperoxide which decomposes to give 1,2-dibenzoylbenzene. 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran can detect the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (Diacetyldichlorofluorescein), a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe, is useful for the detection of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for the determination of the degree of overall oxidative stress.

Lucigenin (NSC-151912) (L-6868) is a chemiluminescent probe used to indicate the presence of endogenously generated superoxide anion radicals in cells.

Benzenepentacarboxylic Acid (Pentacarboxybenzene) is a novel fluorescent probe to detect and scavenge HO-. Benzenepentacarboxylic acid is utilized to prove and detect the generation of HO- in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC alkali systems.

DHBS (DCHBS) is used in conjunction with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and H2O2 for chromogenic quantitation of peroxidase in coupled enzymatic reactions.

Dihydrofluorescein diacetate (Diacetyldihydrofluorescein) is a fluorescent probe for measuring oxidative stress in cell-free systems and cellular models.

Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein (HPF) is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye for the detection of highly reactive oxygen species with little or no intrinsic fluorescence.Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein can be used in fluorescent enzyme labeling and flow cytometry, and can be used to Neurodegeneration and aging. Fluorescence wavelength: Ex/Em = 490/515 nm.

DAF-FM DA (Diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate) is a reactive dye for the detection of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels for bioimaging (Ex/Em=495/515 nm).

ROX dyes have a strong red fluorescence.Their excitation and emission wavelengths are longer than those of traditional rhodamine dyes.They are used as labels for peptides, proteins, and other biological ligands.5-ROX, 6-ROx, and their mixture of 5(6) -RoX

Resorufin acetate, a fluorescent dye, is used to selectively detect hydrazine [1].

CB2-H is a dual-channel fluorescent probe for concurrent detection of HOCl and ONOO-, designed to avoid spectral cross-interference. It enables dual-channel fluorescence imaging to monitor endogenously produced HOCl and ONOO- in living cells and zebrafish, responsive to various stimuli [1].

HKPerox-1 is a yellow-emitting fluorescent probe with excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward H 2 O 2 . HKPerox-1 can be used for molecular imaging of endogenous H 2 O 2 in living cells.

Peroxyfluor 1 is a cell-permeable, first-generation green-fluorescent probe for H2O2 [1].

NIR-FP is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe that exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity toward the superoxide anion (O2-), a principal precursor of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This probe facilitates dynamic monitoring of ferroptosis-mediated epilepsy models, including the kainic acid-induced chronic epilepsy model, the pentylenetetrazole-induced acute epilepsy model, and the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model [1].

DPPP is a probe that reacts stoichiometrically with hydroperoxides to yield the fluorescent molecule diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine oxide (DPPP-O). Plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters have been measured by HPLC with a post column detection system using DPPP. DPPP has also been used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of low density lipoprotein and cellular oxidation. Fluorescence of DPPP-O can be monitor using excitation and emission wavelengths of 351 nm and 380 nm, respectively.

5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate is an oxidant-sensitive and cell-permeable fluorescent probe.1Base hydrolysis of the ester bonds by intracellular esterases releases the acetate groups and the resulting compound, 5(6)-carboxy-2',7',-dichlorofluorescein, is oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and displays excitation emission maxima of 504 and 530 nm, respectively, which can be quantified as a measure of oxidant production. 1.Hempel, S.L., Buettner, G.R., O'Malley, Y.Q., et al.Dihydrofluorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: Comparison with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, 5(and 6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123Free Radic. Biol. Med.27(1-2)146-159(1999)

FHZ is a fluorescent probe (IUPAC: 2-(7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one-10-yl)benzoic acid), widely utilized in biological imaging due to its high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting specific molecular targets within cellular environments, exhibiting optimal excitation and emission spectra for various fluorescence microscopy applications.

HKOCl-4 (BXY2142) is a rhodol-based yellow fluorescent probe known for its exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in detecting hypochlorous acid. With an absorption wavelength longer than fluorescein-based probes, it offers improved pH stability. Notably, HKOCl-4 exhibits excitation at 530 nm and emission at 557 nm.

BHHCT is a multifunctional dye. It serves critical roles in biological experiments, helping researchers observe and analyze cell structures, track biomolecules, evaluate cell functions, distinguish cell types, detect biomolecules, study tissue pathology, and monitor microorganisms. These applications span from basic scientific research to clinical diagnostics. Additionally, dyes are widely used in traditional fields such as textile dyeing and emerging fields like functional textile processing, food pigments, and dye-sensitized solar cells.