Protease substrates

X-GAL (BCIG) is a widely used chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase, which cleaves X-GAL to produce an insoluble blue compound.

4-MUNANA is a fluorescent substrate employed in neuraminidase activity assays and serves as a neuraminidase substrate analogue.

ABTS diammonium salt (AzBTS-(NH4)2) is used as a substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate.

Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-AMC hydrochloride is a fluorescent compound used as a substrate for trypsin and for assessing the protein hydrolysis activity of TMPRSS2.

BCIP (BCIP p-toluidine salt) (BCIP p-toluidine salt) is an artificial chromogenic substrate. It is used for the sensitive colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity.

Z-IETD-AFC is a fluorescent substrate for caspase-8 and granzyme B. It can be used to quantify cysteinyl aspartate-8 or granzyme B activity.

Dansylcadaverine (Monodansyl cadaverine) is a fluorescent probe.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide hydrate (MUG) is a fluorogenic substrate (λex=362 nm, λem=445 nm).

BCDA (5-bromo-4-chloroindoxyl acetate) is a chromogenic substrate utilized to detect esterase activity.

Msr-Ratio (Msr-green) (Msr-green) is a ratiometric fluorescent probe specifically designed for the detection of methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) activity. It has an excitation wavelength of 375 nm and an emission wavelength of 550 nm. This probe offers the ability to monitor the enzyme activity both in vitro and in live cells, making it a valuable tool for studying MSR function.

Mca-PLAC(p-OMeBz)-WAR(Dpa)-NH2 is a fluorogenic substrate for matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14). Upon cleavage by MMP-14, 7-methoxycoumarin-4-acetyl (Mca) is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify MMP activity. Mca displays excitation emission maxima of 328 420 nm, respectively.

Mca-PLGL-Dpa-AR-NH2 is a fluorescent peptide MMP substrate [1] .

Mca-Ala-Pro-Lys(Dnp)-OH, a specific quenched fluorogenic substrate for ACE2, enables the detection of ACE2 activity in various tissues, including urinary, heart, and lung.

Fast Green free acid is a dye that resists acid once applied.

Z-Arg-Arg-4MβNA triacetate serves as a specific substrate for cathepsin B, producing the fluorescent product 4MβNA, which has an excitation wavelength (λ ex) of 355 nm and an emission wavelength (λ em) of 430 nm [1] [2].

TFMU-ADPr serves as a versatile substrate for assessing poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) activity, enabling direct measurement of total PAR hydrolase activity through the liberation of a fluorophore. Exhibiting exceptional reactivity, generality, stability, and usability, TFMU-ADPr is an effective tool for evaluating small-molecule inhibitors and investigating the regulation of ADP-ribosyl catabolic enzymes in vitro [1].

DABCYL-Glu-Arg-Nle-Phe-Leu-Ser-Phe-Pro-EDANS is a fluorescent dye used as a fluorogenic substrate for aspartyl proteinase from the human malaria parasite [1]. It should be stored protected from light.

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA, a known substrate of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), emits blue fluorescence and may be transported into Caco-2 cells and liver cancer cells.

Mca-YVADAP-Lys(Dnp)-OH serves as a fluorogenic substrate specifically for caspase-1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [1].

Z-DEVD-AMC is a selective substrate for caspase-3, measurable through fluorescence spectrometry, and serves as a fluorescence reference standard for AMC-based enzyme substrates, including those for caspase [1].

Dnp-PLGLWA-DArg-NH2 TFA, a fluorogenic substrate specifically for MMP-1 and MMP-9, facilitates the quantification of MMP activity at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and an emission wavelength of 360 nm [1] [2].

L-Leu-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for leucine aminopeptidase.1Upon enzymatic cleavage by leucine aminopeptidase, AMC is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify leucine aminopeptidase activity. AMC displays excitation emission maxima of 340-360 440-460 nm, respectively. 1.Izquierdo, M., Lin, D., O'Neill, S., et al.Development of a high-throughput screening assay to identify inhibitors of the major M17-leucyl aminopeptidase from Trypanosoma cruzi using rapidfire mass spectrometrySLAS Discov.25(9)1064-1071(2020)

CUG is a fluorogenic substrate (λex=386, λem=445 nm, ε=32K).

Z-(L-Arg)-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for trypsin, cathepsin B, and cathepsin H.1,2Upon enzymatic cleavage by trypsin, cathepsin B, or cathepsin H, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify trypsin, cathepsin B, and cathepsin H activity. AMC displays excitation emission maxima of 340-360 440-460 nm, respectively. 1.Zimmerman, M., Ashe, B., Yurewicz, E.C., et al.Sensitive assays for trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin using new fluorogenic substratesAnal. Biochem.78(1)47-51(1977) 2.Brindley, P.J., Kalinna, B.H., Dalton, J.P., et al.Proteolytic degradation of host hemoglobin by schistosomesMol. Biochem. Parasitol.89(1)1-9(1997)