toll-like receptor (tlr)

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen phosphate) is an aminoquinoline antimalarial and also is widely used as an autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine also is an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Alternariol is a natural product extracted from Etoac that demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo in murine hepatoma cells and in human serum, with additional effects on toll-like receptor signaling and regulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression. Alternariol has been shown to be inactive against methyl transferase enzymes, a feature relevant to its metabolic inactivation profile.

Flavone glycoside from Robinia with antibacterial and diuretic properties; derived from kaempferol.The ability of robinin to reverse the multidrug resistance of the human colon cancer cell line Colo 320 expreβing MDR1/LRP was explored by monitoring their uptake of Rhodamine 123, but was shown to have minimal effect. Robinin (NSC-9222) was detected in lysates of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using liquid chromatography-tandem maβ spectrometry.

Polygalasaponin F has anti-neuroinflammatory activity, can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases. Polygalasaponin F can significantly i

Sparstolonin B, a selective TLR2 and TLR4 antagonist, is an isocoumarin compound isolated from the tubers of Sparganium stoloniferum and Scirpus yagara with anti-HIV, anticancer, antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibits selective Toll-like receptors, inhibits free fatty acids It inhibits selective Toll-like receptors, inhibits free fatty acid palmitate-induced chondrocyte inflammation and attenuates post-traumatic arthritis in obese mice, and inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which can be used for validation and mammary carcinoma studies.

Schaftoside (APIGENIN-6-GLUCOSIDE-8-ARABINOSIDE) has antioxidant and anticancer activity.

1. Isofraxidin (Phytodolor) protects leukemia cells from radiation-induced apoptosis via ROS/mitochondria pathway in a p53-independent manner. 2. Isofraxidin has a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI, and the protective effect of Isofraxidin seems to result from the inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in the lung, which regulates the production of PGE2. 3. Isofraxidin possesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities that may be mediated through the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.

1. Atractylenolide-I has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 production; ameliorates sepsis syndrome, liver and kidney functions by reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and LPS. 2. Atractylenolide-I significantly sensitizes the res

1. Ginsenoside Rg5 could be a beneficial agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 2. Ginsenoside Rg5 suppresses LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and proinflammatory TNF-α secretion. 3. Ginsenoside Rg5 can ameliorate lung inflammation possib

Ginsenoside Rg5 (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Ginsenoside Rg5. 1. Ginsenoside Rg5 could be a beneficial agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 2. Ginsenoside Rg5 suppresses LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and proinflammatory TNF-α secretion. 3. Ginsenoside Rg5 can ameliorate lung inflammation possibly by inhibiting the binding of LPS to toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 on macrophages. 4. Ginsenoside Rg5 plays a novel role as an IGF-1R agonist, promoting therapeutic angiogenesis and improving hypertension without adverse effects in the vasculature. 5. Ginsenoside Rg5 blocks cell cycle of SK-HEP-1 cells at the Gl/S transition phase by down-regulating cyclin E-dependent kinase activity and that the down-regulation of cyclin E-dependent kinase activity is caused mainly by induced CDK2 inhibitor, p21Cip/WAF1 and decreased levels of cyclin E.

Okanin shows significant activities on both linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging effect.

Pinus pinaster bark extract is derived from the bark of pine trees and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. It enhances Toll-like receptor (TLR) activity and induces the production of IL-10.

Procyanidin B1, isolated from commonly eaten fruits, binds to the TLR4/MD-2 complex and has anti-inflammatory activity.