sap 1

SAP1 is a bioactive peptide that inhibits viral entry into cells.

SAP2-IN-1 is a secreted aspartate protease 2 (SAP2) inhibitor with potent SAP2 inhibition (IC50: 0.92 μM). It also acts as a virulence factor inhibitor but shows no activity in vitro. SAP2-IN-1 can be utilized for studying infections.

Nifuratel (SAP 113) is a local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally.

T-5224 is a selective inhibitor of the transcription factor c-Fos/activator protein (AP)-1 with anti-inflammatory effects. T-5224 specifically suppresses the DNA-binding activity of c-Fos/c-Jun, thereby inhibiting IL-1β-induced transcriptional upregulation of Mmp-3, Mmp-13, and Adamts-5, without affecting the binding activity of other transcription factors. T-5224 can be used in research on rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and cartilage degeneration.

SAP15 (Synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15) is a synthetic peptide composed of 15 amino acids, derived from human beta-defensin 3, with the ability to penetrate cells and mitigate intracellular inflammation. It achieves its anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the phosphorylation of HDAC5, which in turn reduces NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In macrophages stimulated with LPS, SAP15 suppresses the phosphorylation of both HDAC5 and NF-κB p65, demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory actions. Furthermore, treatment with SAP15 in LPS-induced chondrocytes elevates aggrecan and type II collagen levels while reducing osteocalcin expression. This peptide is valuable for exploring inflammation regulation and the development of anti-inflammatory therapies in biomaterials.

SAP15 (Synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15) acetate is a synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide composed of 15 amino acids, designed from human β-defensin 3. It can penetrate cells and downregulate intracellular inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of HDAC5, thereby reducing the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65, which in turn suppresses inflammatory responses. Additionally, SAP15 acetate inhibits the phosphorylation of HDAC5 and NF-κBp65 in LPS-induced macrophages. Treatment with SAP15 acetate enhances the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen while reducing osteocalcin expression in LPS-induced chondrocytes. This compound is useful for research related to the modulation of inflammation and anti-inflammatory properties in biomaterials.

CYP2E1-IN-1 (Compound 10) is an orally active inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 7.02 μM, an IC50 of 1.64 μM, and a Ki of 0.897 μM. It alleviates pancreatic damage by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibiting ROS production. CYP2E1-IN-1 demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, effectively reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). It is suitable for the study of SAP and other inflammation-related conditions.

Human β-defensin-1 (HβD-1) is a cysteine-rich, cationic skin antimicrobial peptide (SAP) produced by epithelial surfaces, circulatory cells, and cells of the reproductive tract, exhibiting antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of sperm-related bacteria.

Ser-Ala-alloresact, a sperm activating peptide (SAP), plays a pivotal role in the fertilization process through its release from the eggs of marine invertebrates, facilitating sperm activation [1] [2].

SAP-04 is a potent, orally active STING agonist exhibiting significant immunomodulatory effects appropriate for cancer therapy [1].

AMB639752 is a potent inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) that reinstates restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) in SAP-deficient lymphocytes through DGKα inhibition within intact cells. This compound is applicable in the research of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease 1 (XLP-1) [1].

IEIK 13, a self-assembling peptide (SAP), is employed in cartilage tissue engineering research [1].