reactive oxygen

2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (Diacetyldichlorofluorescein), a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe, is useful for the detection of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for the determination of the degree of overall oxidative stress.

MitoSOX Red is a fluorescent dye serving as a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for superoxide, with cell membrane permeability and specificity. Upon oxidation, MitoSOX Red subsequently binds to nucleic acids within mitochondria/nuclei, producing intense red fluorescence, and is employed for detecting mitochondrial superoxide in live cells.

Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe that can be used to detect the chemiluminescence of peroxynitrite and can serve as a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase.

H2DCFDA (DCFH-DA) belongs to the class of green fluorescent dyes and is a probe for the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex/Em=488/525 nm) with cell membrane permeability.

1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) is a fluorescent probe. It possesses a highly specific reactivity towards singlet oxygen forming an endoperoxide which decomposes to give 1,2-dibenzoylbenzene. 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran can detect the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

TMB dihydrochloride (Sure Blue TMB dihydrochloride) is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and an excellent colorimetric substrate for the detection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled probes used in staining procedures immunohistochemistry.

TMB (BM blue) is a chromogenic substrate used in staining procedures in immunohistochemistry and as a visualizing reagent in ELISA.

CycLuc1, a brain-penetrant luciferase substrate, may be a superior BLI substrate compared to D-luciferin for monitoring tumor growth in intracranial GBM (glioblastoma) xenografts.

TMB(dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride salt and hydrate form of TMB. It is a non-toxic and non-mutagenic colorless dye used as a chromogenic agent in horseradish peroxidase-based assay systems. This compound also serves as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce a blue oxidized product. Additionally, TMB(dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

CM-H2DCFDA is a fluorescent indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells.

Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein (HPF) is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye for the detection of highly reactive oxygen species with little or no intrinsic fluorescence.Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein can be used in fluorescent enzyme labeling and flow cytometry, and can be used to Neurodegeneration and aging. Fluorescence wavelength: Ex/Em = 490/515 nm.

5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate is an oxidant-sensitive and cell-permeable fluorescent probe.1Base hydrolysis of the ester bonds by intracellular esterases releases the acetate groups and the resulting compound, 5(6)-carboxy-2',7',-dichlorofluorescein, is oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and displays excitation/emission maxima of 504 and 530 nm, respectively, which can be quantified as a measure of oxidant production. 1.Hempel, S.L., Buettner, G.R., O'Malley, Y.Q., et al.Dihydrofluorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: Comparison with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, 5(and 6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123Free Radic. Biol. Med.27(1-2)146-159(1999)

HKOH-1r is a highly sensitive and selective green fluorescent probe for detecting endogenous hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in live cells, with maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 500 nm and 520 nm, respectively. Within a concentration range of 0.1–50 μM, HKOH-1r exhibits low cytotoxicity toward RAW264.7 and HeLa cells. It has been used on flow cytometry platforms to detect intracellular endogenous ·OH levels and is suitable for research on reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and related cellular damage mechanisms.

BDP 581/591 NHS ester, a borondipyrromethene dye (Ex=585 nm, Em=594 nm), exhibits a relatively long fluorescence lifetime and significant two-photon excitation cross-section. This compound is applicable in fluorescence polarization analysis, interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to modify fluorescence, and, as an NHS ester derivative, binds to the primary and secondary amine groups of proteins, peptides, and various molecules. Storage instructions highlight the importance of protecting it from light.

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) TFA, a fluorophore derived from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lipofuscin, initiates blue-light-induced apoptosis, mediates autophagy, and generates reactive oxygen species. This compound is instrumental in researching retinal degenerative diseases [1] [2].

IR-251 is a mitochondrion-targeting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe that selectively accumulates in tumor cell mitochondria through organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. By impeding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), IR-251 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, consequently inhibiting the β-catenin signaling pathway as well as associated cell cycle and metastasis proteins. This mechanism contributes to the compound's ability to suppress tumor growth and metastasis [1].

TPP-Ce6 is a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer formed by the ester linkage of chlorin e6 (Ce6) with triphenylphosphine (TPP). Upon light exposure, TPP-Ce6 generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly singlet oxygen, which induce oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis (cellular apoptosis). This compound is useful for research on mitochondrial roles in apoptosis, energy metabolism, and cancer treatment.

Resorufin (NSC-12097) (NSC-12097) is a highly fluorescent pink dye.

Resorufin sodium salt (NSC-12097 sodium salt) is a fluorescent pink dye.

Benzenepentacarboxylic Acid (Pentacarboxybenzene) is a novel fluorescent probe to detect and scavenge HO-. Benzenepentacarboxylic acid is utilized to prove and detect the generation of HO- in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC alkali systems.

Lucigenin (NSC-151912) (L-6868) is a chemiluminescent probe used to indicate the presence of endogenously generated superoxide anion radicals in cells.

NucPE1, a nuclear-localized fluorescent hydrogen peroxide, is specifically localized to cellular nuclei without appended targeting moieties.