nuclear export

Leptomycin B (LMB) is a potent inhibitor of the nuclear export of proteins and is a potent antifungal antibiotic blocking the eukaryotic cell cycle. Leptomycin B inactivates CRM1/exportin 1 by covalent modification at a cysteine residue.

Leptomycin A, a metabolite derived from Streptomyces, acts as an inhibitor of CRM1 (exportin 1) and effectively suppresses HIV-1 replication. Compared to Leptomycin B, it exhibits lesser potency. Leptomycin A hampers the interaction between CRM1 and nuclear export signals, effectively hindering the nuclear export of a wide array of proteins.

(E)-Guggulsterone is an isomer of guggulsterone. As an FXR antagonist, it reduces blood lipids, induces heme oxygenase-1 expression, blocks DENV NS2B/3B activity, and inhibits DENV replication.