no synthesis

Imperatorin (8-Isopentenyloxypsoralene) is a modulator of p38, ERK pathway. Imperatorin increases BMP-2 expression (mRNA) and increases bone density volume and mineralization in vivo.

L-Canavanine sulfate is a selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor.

6-Biopterin (L-Biopterin) is a natural product,is a NO synthase cofactor.

L-Arginine hydrochloride serve as substrates and nitrogen donors for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce nitric oxide (NO). They are transported into vascular smooth muscle cells via cationic amino acid transporters, where they are metabolized into NO, polyamines, or L-proline. As effective vasodilators, they are commonly used to induce experimental acute pancreatitis models.

2-Ethylpyrazine is present in roasted coffee beans and is a volatile compound .2-Ethylpyrazine induces vasodilation through the activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factors.2-Ethylpyrazine activates NO synthesis through the action of endothelial endothelial NO synthase.2-Ethylpyrazine induces vasodilation by inducing NO release and increasing peripheral blood flow to induce vasodilation.

Agmatine sulfate (Agmatine sulfate salt) is a bioactive metabolite of the arginine amino acid. It exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, such as neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.

Dimethylamine hydrochloride (N,N-Dimethylamine) is abundantly present in human urine. Main sources of urinary dimethylamine have been reported to include trimethylamine N-oxide, a common food component, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. ADMA is excreted in the urine in part unmetabolized and in part after hydrolysis to dimethylamine by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH).

2-Methyldecane is a colorless liquid used primarily as a solvent in organic synthesis reactions, and is also present in spice tobacco and cigarette smoke; it has low inhalation toxicity, and no deaths were observed in rats exposed to saturated vapor concentrations for 4 hours.

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME is a linoleic acid-derived oxylipin that has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It has been found in various plants and is produced in human eosinophils in a 15-lipoxygenase-dependent, soluble epoxide hydrolase-independent manner.1,59(S),12(S)13(S)-TriHOME inhibits antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50= 28.7 μg ml).2It inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia (IC50= 40.95 μM).3In vivo, 9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME (1 g animal) enhances the antiviral IgA and IgG antibody responses induced by a nasal influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine by 5.2- and 2-fold, respectively, in mice.4 1.Hamberg, M., and Hamberg, G.Peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds: Sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acidPlant Physiol.110(3)807-815(1996) 2.Hong, S.S., and Oh, J.S.Inhibitors of antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells isolated from wheat branJ. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem.5569-74(2012) 3.Kim, C.S., Kwon, O.W., Kim, S.Y., et al.Five new oxylipins from Chaenomeles sinensisLipids49(11)1151-1159(2014) 4.Shirahata, T., Sunazuka, T., Yoshida, K., et al.Total synthesis, elucidation of absolute stereochemistry, and adjuvant activity of trihydroxy fatty acidsTetrahedron62(40)9483-9496(2006) 5.Fuchs, D., Tang, X., Johnsson, A.-K., et al.Eosinophils synthesize trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (TriHOMEs) via a 15-lipoxygenase dependent processBiochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids1865(4)158611(2020)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine [an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)], is a compound that inhibits the enzyme responsible for producing nitric oxide.

4-Hydroxyflavanone is a natural product, shows full vasorelaxing effects

3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptemthoxyflavone exhibits neuroprotective, chemopreventive, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, and photoprotective effects; it inhibits collagenase activity, induces type I procollagen synthesis in HDFn cells, and combats nitric oxide (NO) carcinogenesis.

Euscaphic acid has anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction

4,9-Dihydroxy-alpha-lapachone has antitumor-promoting effects, it exhibits significant inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation in Raji cells. 4,9-Dihydroxy-alpha-l

9-Hydroxy-alpha-lapachone can highly inhibit the growth of H. pylori, it exhibits potent inhibitory activity against H. pylori Cystathionine gamma-synthase, with IC(50) values of 4.64 microM. It may have anti-inflammatory activity, it exhibits potent inhi

Capillarisin is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation and thus may have a potential in negative regulation of growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumor cells, it inhibits cancer cell growth of osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis accompanied with

Catalpalactone exhibits high antitermitic, and cytotoxic activities, it exhibits potent inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells , with IC50 values of 9.80 microM. Catalpalactone can inhibit dopamine biosynthesis by

Eupatolide is isolated from the flowers of Inula japonica with anti-inflammatory activity. Eupatolide can be used in studies about TRAIL resistance in breast cancer cells.

Kobophenol A has antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, it might be a candidate for treatment of inflammatory bone diseases relevant to osteoblast cell death. Kobophenol A inhibits AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 value is

Shizukaol B exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated microglia partly by modulating JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway; it also shows significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric-oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimul

Streptimidone, a metabolite produced by Streptomyces, exhibits various biological activities, including inhibiting protein synthesis at 50 µg/ml in cell-free assays and reducing tumor growth in rat xenograft models of H.S. No. 1 human sarcoma and H.Ep. No. 3 human epidermoid carcinoma at daily doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg.