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Enoxacin hydrate (AT-2266 hydrate) is a broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent.

Enoxacin (NSC-629661) is a broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (fluoroquinolones) structurally related to nalidixic acid.

Camptothecin (CPT) belongs to the alkaloid group of natural products and is a specific DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor (IC₅₀=679 nM) with specificity. Camptothecin has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis.

1. Pseudoprotodioscin has moderate cytotoxicity.

Cl-amidine hydrochloride is an orally available PAD inhibitor that blocks histone 3 deimination and neutrophil extracellular trap formation and improves survival in septic mice. It induces apoptosis in cancer cells and induces miR-16 to cause cell cycle arrest.

LIN28 inhibitor LI71 is a potent and cell-permeable compound that effectively abolishes LIN28-mediated oligouridylation, with an IC₅₀ of 7 µM (micromolar).

Lin28-let-7a antagonist 1, with an IC₅₀ of 4.03 μM for Lin28A-let-7a-1 interaction,and shows a clear antagonistic effect against the Lin28-let-7a interaction.

PIN1 inhibitor API-1 is a specific Pin1 inhibitor (IC₅₀: 72.3 nM) that retains the active conformation of pXPO5, restoring its ability to transport pre-miRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby up-regulating anticancer miRNA biogenesis to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma development both in vitro and in vivo. PIN1 inhibitor API-1 directly and specifically binds to the Pin1 peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain, effectively inhibiting Pin1 cis-trans isomerizing activity.

Aurintricarboxylic acid (NSC-4056) is a strong inhibitor of topoisomerases and other nucleases. It is a potent inhibitor of ribonuclease and topoisomerase II by preventing the binding of the nucleic acid to the enzyme.

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and apoptosis-inducing activities. It inhibits the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages, significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine expression in neutrophils and monocytes, suppresses LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, and induces autophagy. It is commonly used to induce animal models of depression, muscle atrophy, and hypertension, and holds potential in COVID-19 research.

RJW100 is a compound that acts as a potent agonist of liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1, NR5A2) and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5A1), exhibiting pEC50 values of 6.6 and 7.5, respectively. Additionally, RJW100 induces robust activation of the miR-200c (miRNA-200c, microRNA-200c) promoter.

Cl-amidine TFA is an orally active PAD inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 0.8 μM, 6.2 μM and 5.9 μM for PAD1, PAD3 and PAD4, respectively. This compound can induce cancer cell apoptosis, and also upregulate the expression of miR-16 (miRNA-16, microRNA-16), thereby triggering cell cycle arrest. In addition, Cl-amidine TFA can block the citrullination of histone 3 and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, effectively improving the survival rate of mice with sepsis.

Targapremir-210 (TGP-210) is a selective and potent inhibitor of miRNA-210 (miRNA-210), which inhibits pre-miR-210 processing and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

Guanosine triphosphate tritris (GTP tritris) serves as a crucial enhancer in myocyte differentiation, playing an essential role in regulating miRNA-muscle regulatory factors. It promotes the release of exosomes rich in guanine and guanine-derived molecules, and is considered an activation precursor for RNA synthesis. In mitochondrial functionality, GTP is involved in the entry of proteins into the matrix, which is vital for various regulatory pathways. It initiates peptide synthesis by facilitating the binding of formylmethionine-tRNA to the ribosome, and aids in polypeptide chain elongation. Additionally, GTP acts as a carrier for phosphates and pyrophosphates, channeling chemical energy into specific biosynthetic pathways. It activates signal transduction G proteins, regulates cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation, and its hydrolysis by small GTPases (including Ras and Rho) is indispensable for both proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the small GTPase Rab assists in vesicle docking, fusion, and formation. Beyond signal transduction, GTP is also an energy-rich precursor in the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA enzymes.

TRBP-IN-1 (Compound 13j) is an orally active inhibitor of TAR RNA-binding protein 2 (TRBP) with an IC₅₀ of 12.72 μM. It exhibits significant anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) activity, effectively suppressing proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells [HCCLM3 cells (IC₅₀: 18.96 μM) and SK-Hep-1 cells (IC₅₀: 16.45 μM)]. TRBP-IN-1 modulates miRNA biosynthesis by targeting TRBP, inhibiting the expression of oncogenic miRNAs. It induces apoptosis and pyroptosis in HCC cells by decreasing miRNA levels. TRBP-IN-1 is suitable for research on targeted HCC therapy.

hsa-let-7d-5p mimic is a chemically synthesized miRNA analog that mimics endogenous miRNA to enhance miRNA activity, and is used for gain-of-function studies.

rno-miR-122-5p agomir is a specially chemically modified miRNA mimic. The mature miRNA strand undergoes full-chain methoxy modification, with 2 and 4 thio modifications at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, and a high-affinity cholesterol modification attached at the 3' end. This miRNA agomir simulates endogenous miRNA and enhances miRNA activity. Compared to ordinary mimics, miRNA agomirs exhibit higher stability and inhibitory effects in animal experiments, making them more capable of passing through cell membranes and tissue spaces to accumulate in target cells.

mmu-miR-449a-5p agomir is a chemically modified miRNA analogue. It features full-chain methoxy modifications on the miRNA mature chain, with 2 thioate modifications at the 5' end and 4 at the 3' end, and is linked to a high-affinity cholesterol modification at the 3' end. miRNA agomirs can mimic endogenous miRNAs, enhancing miRNA activity. Compared to standard analogs, miRNA agomirs offer greater stability and inhibitory effects in animal experiments and more efficiently traverse cell membranes and interstitial spaces to accumulate in target cells.

mmu-miR-449a-5p antagomir is a chemically modified complementary single strand of mature miRNA, with methoxy modifications across the entire chain. It features two and four thiol modifications at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, and is linked to a high-affinity cholesterol modification at the 3' end. The miRNA antagomir inhibits the function of miRNA by specifically binding to the mature miRNA, thereby preventing its complementary pairing with target genes. Compared to a miRNA inhibitor, the miRNA antagomir demonstrates greater stability and inhibitory efficiency in animal studies, and it more readily penetrates cell membranes and tissue gaps to accumulate in target cells.

mmu-miR-139-3p Antagomir is modified with a high-affinity cholesterol group. This miRNA antagomir inhibits the function of mature miRNA by specifically binding to it, thereby preventing its complementary pairing with target genes. Compared to miRNA inhibitors, miRNA antagomirs demonstrate greater stability and inhibitory effectiveness in animal studies, and they more easily penetrate cellular membranes and tissue gaps, concentrating in target cells.

Cy5-MicroRNA Mimic Negative Control is a Cy5-labeled MicroRNA Mimic Negative Control. This compound is a 21-nucleotide miRNA mimic used as a negative control. The sequence of the MicroRNA Mimic Negative Control is designed based on the cel-mir-239b sequence, which is widely utilized as a negative control. It exhibits minimal sequence homology with human, mouse, and rat miRNA.

mmu-miR-139-3p Agomir is a specially chemically modified miRNA mimic, featuring methoxy modifications across the full length of the mature miRNA chain, with 2 and 4 thiophosphate linkages at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, and a high-affinity cholesterol modification attached at the 3' end. This miRNA agomir mimics endogenous miRNA and enhances miRNA activity. Compared to regular mimics, miRNA agomirs show increased stability and inhibitory effects in animal experiments, and they more effectively penetrate cell membranes and tissue gaps to accumulate in target cells.

mmu-miR-139-3p mimic is a chemically synthesized miRNA analogue that simulates endogenous miRNA to enhance miRNA activity for gain-of-function research.

mmu-miR-139-3p inhibitor is a complementary single strand fully modified with methoxy to the mature miRNA. This miRNA inhibitor binds specifically to mature miRNA, preventing it from complementary pairing with target genes and thereby inhibiting miRNA function. It is useful for loss-of-function studies of miRNA.