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AMG2850 is a potent, orally bioavailable, and selective antagonist of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 [TRPM8].

MG28 exhibits significant cytotoxic effects, likely stemming from its direct and potent DNA-damaging activity. The compound is utilized in cancer research.

AMG2504 is a TRPA1 inhibitor.

mG2N001, a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR2, has an IC50 of 93 nM and binds to mGluR2 as an antagonist with a Ki of 63 nM. This compound is microparticle- and plasma-stable, and its radioisotope [11C] mG2N001 can be utilized in PET imaging. [11C] mG2N001 exhibits good brain heterogeneity and penetration, selectively accumulating in mGluR2-rich regions to produce high-contrast brain images [1].

The Anti-Mouse NKG2D CD314 Antibody (HMG2D) is an antibody of mouse origin, specifically an IgG derived from American hamster, targeting NKG2D CD314. The isotype control for Anti-Mouse NKG2D CD314 Antibody (HMG2D) is Armenian hamster IgG, Isotype Control.

Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyte) is an unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

Ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacet is a diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.

BAPTA is a neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischemia, acting as an intercellular Ca2+ chelator.

FEN1-IN-1 (LNT-1) is an inhibitor of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1). FEN1-IN-1 binds to the active site of FEN1. It partly achieves inhibition by the co-ordination of Mg2+ ions.

Citreoviridin, a toxin from Penicillium citreoviride NRRL 2579, inhibits brain synaptosomal Na+ K+-ATPase while significantly stimulating both Na+ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities in microsomes in a dose-dependent manner.

ETH 157 is a synthetic neutral carrier-based Na+ selective microelectrode, with sufficient selectivity against K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ for extracellular measurement of Na+ activity.

BRD6257 is an orally active inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1D (proteinphosphatase, Mg2+ Mn2+ dependent 1D, PPM1D) with an IC50 of 5 nM. It activates the p53 signaling pathway (EC50 of 51 nM), enhances p21 expression, and inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells MOLM13 (IC50 = 2.8 μM). BRD6257 demonstrates good metabolic stability in human and rat liver microsomes.

Caloxin 2A1 TFA is a novel PM Ca2+ pump inhibitor. It inhibits human red blood cell Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, blocking Ca2+ dependent formation of a 140-kDa acid-stable acylphosphate.

1-Palmitoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid is an analog of LPA and improves the the action of ampicillin, piperacillin, and ceftazidime on various strains of P. aeruginosa via binding both Ca2+ and Mg2+.

1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-Palmitoyl LPA) is a LPA analog containing palmitic acid at the sn-1 position. LPA binds to one of five different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to mediate a variety of biological responses including cell proliferation, smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, neurite retraction, and cell motility. In addition to playing a role in the aforementioned biological responses, 1-palmitoyl LPA enhances the action of β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, piperacillin, and ceftazidime) on various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen associated with pulmonary disease and pneumonia, via binding both Ca2+ and Mg2+.

Conantokin-R is an NMDA receptor peptide antagonist (IC50=93 nM); Conantokin-R exhibits anticonvulsant activity; Conantokin-R binds Zn2+ and Mg2+ (Kds 0.15 μM and 6.5 μM, respectively).

Mycalolide-B is a marine sponge-derived compound that functions as a selective inhibitor of actomyosin ATPase. It effectively hinders ATP-induced contraction and Mg2+-ATPase activity in the absence of Ca2+.

TPEN (TPEDA) is a specific cell-permeable heavy metal chelator.

KMG-104 is a selective Mg2+ fluorescent probe for dynamic observation of Mg2+ in the cytoplasm of living cells.

BAPTA-AM is a calcium chelator that is cell-permeable and selective, blocking hERG, hKv1.3, and hKv1.5 channels (IC50=1.3 1.45 1.23 μM). BAPTA-AM has a 105-fold higher affinity for Ca2+ than for Mg2+, and can be used for the role of calcium in cell signaling.

Cytochalasin B is a mycotoxin binding to the barbed end of actin filaments. It can disrupt the formation of actin polymers (Kd: 1.4-2.2 nM for F-actin).

Tenellin [fungal metabolite] inhibits Mg2+-, Ca2+-, and Na+ K+-ATPase activities in erythrocytes and is cytotoxic to Sf9 and Sf21 insect cells.

Thymidine 5′-diphosphate (dTDP), a crucial product of pyrimidine synthesis in organisms, is synthesized through the thymidylate kinase (TMPK)-catalyzed phosphorylation of 5′-thymidine monophosphate (dTMP), requiring ATP and Mg2+. It is further converted to thymidine 5′-triphosphate (dTTP) via TMPK catalysis. The activity of TMPK can be monitored by assessing the levels of dTDP [1] [2].

[Asp5]-Oxytocin acetate is a neurohypophyseal hormone analogue positioned at the 5-position, noted for its significant biological activity. It stimulates uterine contractions in vitro, an effect that is amplified by the presence of Mg 2+. Furthermore, this compound exhibits rat uteroconstrictor, avian vasodilator, and rat antidiuretic capabilities.