intestinal

Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides are involved in the maintenance of epithelial integrity and epithelial restitution. Trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) is an estrogen-regulated gene associated with prognosis in different types of cancer. The presence and localization of TFF3 peptide was associated with the embryonic stage and tissue differentiation. TFF3 peptide distribution specific to the germ layers was not observed. The role of TFF3 peptide in cell migration and differentiation, immune response, and apoptosis might be associated with specific embryonic epithelial cells. TFF3 peptide may also be considered as a marker for mucosal maturation. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) serves an important role in intestinal mucosal damage and healing, and contributes to the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contributes to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization.

Expression system: Baculovirus Insect Cells
Length: 1008-1827, Partial
Activity: Not Tested

Alkaline phosphatase can be considered our favorite enzyme for reasons apparent to those who diagnose and treat metabolic bone diseases or who study skeletal biology. Few might know, however, that alkaline phosphatase likely represents the most frequently assayed enzyme in all of medicine. Elevated activity in the circulation is universally recognized as a marker for skeletal or hepatobiliary disease. Alkaline phosphatase (Intestinal type) ALPI Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.10 kDa and the accession number is F8VPQ6.

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 20-503, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: SPR

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 2-151, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 29-151, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: Not Tested

Alkaline phosphatase Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 54 kDa and the accession number is P09923.

Immunoglobulin superfamily member 11(IGSF11) is expressed on the plasma membrane in the testis and brain. These IGSF proteins undergo final modifications during capacitation and or the acrosome reaction. IGSF proteins share significant homology with endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule and coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, which mediates cell attachment and homotypic intercellular interactions. In clinical, the IGSF11 has been reported to overexpressed in colorectal cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas, as well as intestinal-type gastric cancers, compared to their corresponding non-cancerous tissues. The IGSF11 has also been found expressed abundantly in the testis and ovary and the IGSF11 can be used as a candidate of cancer-testis antigen.

Cholera toxin (CT) produced by Vibrio cholerae causes the devastating diarrhea of cholera by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of the alpha subunit of the intestinal Gs protein (Gsalpha), leading to characteristic water and electrolyte losses. Mammalian cells contain ADP-ribosyltransferases similar to CT and an ADP-ribosyl(arginine)protein hydrolase (ADPRH), which cleaves the ADP-ribose-(arginine)protein bond, regenerating native protein and completing an ADP-ribosylation cycle. CT-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of cell proteins can be counteracted by ADPRH, which could function as a modifier gene in disease. Further, our study demonstrates that enzymatic cross talk exists between bacterial toxin ADP-ribosyltransferases and host ADP-ribosylation cycles. In disease, toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation overwhelms this potential host defense system, resulting in persistence of ADP-ribosylation and intoxication of the cell. Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a reversible modification of proteins with NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases and ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases (ADPRH) catalyzing the opposing arms of an ADP-ribosylation cycle. The ADPRH cDNA had been cloned from human, rat, and mouse tissues and high levels of mRNA were found in brain, spleen, and testis. Human ADP-ribosylhydrolase 1 (hARH1, ADPRH) cleaves the glycosidic bond of ADP-ribose attached to an Arg residue of a protein.

Neuroendocrine convertase 1, also known as Prohormone convertase 1, Proprotein convertase 1, PCSK1 and NEC1, is an enzyme which belongs to the peptidase S8 family and Furin subfamily. PCSK1 is an enzyme that performs the proteolytic cleavage of prohormones to their intermediate (or sometimes completely cleaved) forms. It is present only in neuroendocrine cells such as brain, pituitary and adrenal, and most often cleaves after a pair of basic residues within prohormones but can occasionally cleave after a single arginine. It binds to a protein known as proSAAS, which also represents its endogenous inhibitor. PCSK1 is involved in the processing of hormone and other protein precursors at sites comprised of pairs of basic amino acid residues. PCSK1 substrates include POMC, renin, enkephalin, dynorphin, somatostatin and insulin. Defects in PCSK1 are the cause of proprotein convertase 1 deficiency (PC1 deficiency). PC1 deficiency is characterized by obesity, hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, reactive hypoglycemia as well as marked small-intestinal absorptive dysfunction. It is due to impaired processing of prohormones.

Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1, also known as Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 1, Tryptophan hydroxylase 1, TPH1, TPH and TPRH, is an enzyme that belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. TPH1 contains one ACT domain. Tryptophan hydroxylase catalyzes the biopterin-dependent monooxygenation of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HT), which is subsequently decarboxylated to form the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin. TPH1 expression is limited to a few specialized tissues: raphe neurons, pinealocytes, mast cells, mononuclear leukocytes, beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans, and intestinal and pancreatic enterochromaffin cells. The tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene is also reported to be associated with suicidal behavior. Polymorphisms of TPH1 may assist in identifying a subgroup of mood disorder patients that is at higher risk for suicidal behavior.

Alkaline phosphatase Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 79.5 kDa and the accession number is P09923.

Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) has canonical centrality in defense of key intestinal homeostatic mechanisms, encompassing fluid and electrolyte balance, epithelial dynamics, antitumorigenesis, and intestinal barrier function. GUCY2C may represent a new target for anti-obesity pharmacotherapy. GUCY2C Protein, Canine, Recombinant (aa 21-430, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.6 kDa and the accession number is F1PAG3.

Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 (FABP3) is a small cytoplasmic protein (15 kDa) that is released from cardiac myocytes following an ischemic episode. Like the nine other distinct FABPs that have been identified, FABP3 is involved in active fatty acid metabolism where it transports fatty acids from the cell membrane to mitochondria for oxidation. FABPs are divided into at least three distinct types, namely the hepatic-, intestinal- and cardiac-types. They form 14-15 kDa proteins and are thought to participate in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and or transport of long-chain fatty acids. They may also be responsible in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. The FABP3 gene contains four exons and its function is to arrest growth of mammary epithelial cells. This gene is also a candidate tumor suppressor gene for human breast cancer. FABP3 is a sensitive biomarker for myocardial infarction and can be detected in the blood within one to three hours of onset of pain.

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 23-81, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 19-197, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: SPR

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 20-433, Extracellular Domain
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 71-244, Extracellular Domain
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 31-205, Partial
Activity: ELISA

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 24-80, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 20-89, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 21-89, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 56-219, Extracellular Domain
Activity: ELISA

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 24-297, Extracellular Domain
Activity: Not Tested