immune modulator

Penicillamine (Artamine), possessing antineoplastic properties, induces apoptosis by a p53-mediated mechanism and inhibits angiogenesis by chelating with copper, a cofactor for angiogenesis. Artamine is a beta dimethyl analog of the amino acid cysteine. As a degradation product of penicillin antibiotics, Artamine chelates with heavy metals and increases their urinary excretion.

Anandamide ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide), an immune modulator, acts via not only cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) but also other targets (e.g., GPR18 GPR55) in the central nervous system.

Bacopaside I is a saponin isolated from Bacopa monniera. Bacopaside I is a modulator of Aquaporin-1 channel, has neuroprotective functions, it has anti-Alzheimer's disease, it ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP PS1 mice via immune-mediated clearance of α2-amyloid,exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect.

Isopteropodine (Uncarine E) is an isoyohimbine-type octindole alkaloid isolated from Hamelia patens micropropagated and has antimicrobial activity and stimulates the immune system. Isopteropodine has antimicrobial activity and stimulates the immune system.Isopteropodine is a positive modulator of muscarinic M1 and 5-HT2 receptors and a PXR activator that induces contraction of the rat myometrium.

Lucideric acid A (Lucidenic acid A) is a modulator of JNK and p38 and enhances LPS-induced immune responses in monocytic THP-1 cells possibly via the modulation of p38 and JNK MAPKs activation.