hmgb

Inflachromene (ICM) is an inhibitor of HMGB1 and HMGB expression with anti-inflammatory activity.Inflachromene reduces seizure severity in a mouse model of epilepsy by inhibiting HMGB1 translocation, inhibits endothelial proliferation through the HMGB1 2-regulated TLR4-NF-κB pathway, and inhibits autophagy by regulating Beclin 1 activity. Inflachromene can be used to study epilepsy.

HMGB1-IN-1 (compound 6) exhibits potent inhibition of NO production in RAW264.7 cells, with an IC50 of 15.9 ± 0.6 μM, and effectively disrupts the HMGB1 NF-κB NLRP3 signaling pathway, demonstrating promising anti-inflammatory and anti-sepsis properties, particularly in the context of renal injury [1].

HMGB1-IN-2 (compound 15) is a selective inhibitor of the highly conserved nuclear protein HMGB1, showing no inhibitory effect at an IC50 of 20.2 μM in RAW264.7 cells. At 30 μM, it reduces IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase-1 p20 levels, inhibits NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and provides anti-apoptotic effects. In vivo, 15 mg kg of HMGB1-IN-2 administered intraperitoneally alleviates kidney injury in a mouse model of septic acute kidney injury. Additionally, it inhibits Huh7 and A549 cells with IC50 values of 77.0 μM and 82.0 μM, respectively [1].

HMGB1-IN-3 (compound E), a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid, exhibits potent inhibitory effects on HMGB1 (high mobility group protein 1). It is utilized in research related to intracerebral hemorrhage.

Fmoc-D-Cha-OH (FDCO) is an apoptotic DNase γ inhibitor that inhibits the release of HMGB1.

Barlerin (8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methyl ester) has potential against cerebral ischemic injury, and its protective effect on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury might be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca2+ elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvement of mitochondrial energy metabolism.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester can increase angiogenesis and improve functional recovery after stroke.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester has protective effects on experimental myocardial ischemia injury, the effects might be due to block of myocardial inflammatory cascades through an HMGB1-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester protects diabetic brain against I R injury by alleviating diabetic cerebral I R injury and attenuating blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and its protective effects may involve HMGB-1 and NF-κB signalling pathway.

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) antagonist. Blocks S100P, S100A4 and HMGB-1 mediated RAGE activation in vitro and in vivo. Inhibits growth and metastasis of rat glioma tumors. Reduces cell growth and RAGE-mediated NF-κB activity in hum

RAGE antagonist peptide acetate is an advanced antagonist of glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE antagonist peptide acetate possesses anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. RAGE antagonist peptide acetate prevents RAGE from binding with several of its most important ligands, including HMGB-1, S100P, and S100A4.