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Simvastatin (MK 733) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (Ki=0.2 nM) with oral activity. Simvastatin has hypolipidemic activity, inhibits hepatic production of cholesterol, and is also used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Butein is a cAMP-specific PDE inhibitor, protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and SIRT1 activator. It sensitizes HeLa cells to Cisplatin by targeting FoxO3a via the AKT and ERK p38 MAPK pathways.

Solamargine (δ-Solanigrine) is a major steroidal alkaloid glycoside extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine herb, Solanum nigrum L. (SNL); has been shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of various cancer cells.

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Hellebrigenol is a butadienolide extracted from the venom of the Vietnamese toad (Bufo vulgaris) with antitumor activity.

Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.

Puromycin dihydrochloride (CL13900 dihydrochloride) is a cinnamamide adenosine antibiotic and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Puromycin dihydrochloride inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA and has antitumor and antitrypanosomal activity.

(-)-Anonaine can be extracted from several species of Magnoliaceae and Annelidae and has antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, antidepressant and vasodilatory activities. (-)-Anonaine induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, induces DNA damage and inhibits the growth and migration of human lung cancer h1299 cells through Bax and caspase-dependent pathways.

5,6-Benzoflavone (β-Naphthoflavone) is an exogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts zinc homeostasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. 5,6-Benzoflavone (β-Naphthoflavone) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, inhibits LPS-induced inflammation through the AKT Nrf-2 HO-1-NF-kappaB signaling axis, inhibits TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, which can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid natural product that inhibits influenza virus replication (EC50=24.7 μM) and aldose reductase activity (IC50=320 nM). Isoliquiritigenin has antitumor activity.

Monocrotaline (Crotaline) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the Crotalaria plant. Monocrotaline has certain cellular activity against HepG2 cells and can induce pulmonary hypertension in rodents.

Diosmetin (Luteolin 4-methyl ether) has been found to act as a weak TrkB receptor agonist.

Cholic acid sodium (SodiumCholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity.

Irinotecan (CPT-11), a derivative of camptothecin, is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I). Irinotecan has antitumor activity by preventing DNA strand reattachment through binding to the Topo I complex, resulting in double-stranded DNA breaks and cell death.

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Squalene (AddaVax) is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity.

Lovastatin (MK-803) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (IC50=3.4 nM). Lovastatin lowers cholesterol and is commonly used as a lipid-lowering agent in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Rifampicin (Rifamycin AMP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Rifampicin has a strong antibacterial effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is also effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and viruses.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a COX inhibitor that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 (IC50=113.7 25.8 μM). Acetaminophen has antipyretic and analgesic activity as well as weak anti-inflammatory activity.

α-Vitamin E (Dexrabeprazole Sodium) is a naturally-occurring form of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties.

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Cholic Acid (Cholate) is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Cholic acid facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

Rotundic acid (Rutundic acid), a natural compound, exhibit cytotoxic activities toward human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), malignant melanoma (A375), SCLC (NCI-H446), breast cancer (MCF-7), and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines.