desensitization

Lecozotan HCl (SRA-333) is a potent and selective 5-HT antagonist that significantly enhances KCl-stimulated glutamate and acetylcholine release from the hippocampal dentate gyrus and has cognitive enhancing properties. Chronic administration of Lecozotan HCl did not induce 5-HT(1A) receptor tolerance or desensitization in a behavioral model demonstrating 5-HT(1A) receptor function.

CMPD101 is a membrane-permeable small-molecule inhibitor of GRK2 3 (IC50: 18 nM and 5.4 nM). Which can be used for the study of heart failure. CMPD101 exhibits less selectively against GRK1, GRK5, ROCK-2 and PKCα with IC50s of 3.1 μM , 2.3 μM, 1.4 μM and 8.1 μM, respectively.

Meproadifen enhances activation and desensitization of the acetylcholine receptor-ionic channel complex (AChR).

Selective medium-chain free fatty acid receptor GPR84 agonist (EC50 = 139 nM). Exhibits no response at GPR40, GPR41, GPR119 or GPR120 at 100 μM. Activates calcium mobilization, inhibits cAMP accumulation, and induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation, receptor desensitization and internalization in vitro. Liu et al (2016) Design and synthesis of 2-alkylpyrimidine-4,6-diol and 6-alkylpyridine-2,4-diol as potent GPR84 agonists. ACS Med.Chem.Lett. 7 579 PMID:27326330 |Zhang et al (2016) Discovery and characterization of a novel small-molecule agonist for medium-chain free fatty acid receptor G protein-coupled receptor 84. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 357 337 PMID:26962172

JAMI1001A is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor, effectively modulating the deactivation and desensitization of both [flip] and [flop] receptor isoforms.

SAR247799 (S1P1 agonist 3) is a selective and G-protein-biased S1P1 agonist that activates downstream G-protein signaling pathways more preferentially than β-blocker proteins and internalized signaling pathways, activates S1P 1 on endothelial cells without causing receptor desensitization, and protects the endothelium without affecting lymphocyte populations, and can be used to study type 2 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction and vascular hyperpermeability.

AR-M 1000390 hydrochloride (ARM-390 HCl) , also known as ARM-390, is a low-internalizing nonpeptidic δ-selective opioid receptor agonist; derivative of SNC 80. Does not trigger acute desensitization of the analgesic response; reduces CFA-induced hyperalgesia. Brain penetrant following systemic administration.

Cyclothiazide is a benzothiadiazide that acts as a potentiator of AMPA receptorsthat potently inhibits AMPA receptor desensitization, positively modulating its response to glutamic acid (EC50 = 3.8 M).

RO5126946 is a Novel α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-positive allosteric modulator. RO5126946 allosterically modulates α7nAChR activity. RO5126946 increased acetylcholine-evoked peak current and delayed current decay but did not affect the recovery of α7nAChRs from desensitization. In addition, RO5126946's effects were absent when nicotine-evoked currents were completely blocked by coapplication of the α7nAChR-selective antagonist methyl-lycaconitine.

(R)-PF-06256142, the R enantiomer of PF-06256142, exhibits low activity. PF-06256142 itself is distinguished as a potent and selective orthosteric D1 receptor agonist, with the capability to minimize receptor desensitization compared to dopamine and other catechol-containing agonists.

PKI(5-22)amide, an active inhibitory fragment of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor, effectively prevents PKA activation. However, it does not reduce the homologous desensitization of CRF1 receptors [1] [2].

Proadrenomedullin (N-20) (ProADM N20) (bovine, porcine) is a peptide known for its strong hypotensive effects and inhibition of catecholamine release from chromaffin cells. It effectively suppresses catecholamine secretion in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells with an IC50 of 350 nM and prevents the desensitization of nicotinic cholinergic agonist-induced catecholamine release and nicotinic signal transduction, with an EC50 of approximately 270 nM for desensitization blockade, as evidenced by inhibited 22 Na+ uptake [1].

GTPγS tetralithium (Guanosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate tetralithium) is a G-protein activator, a non-hydrolyzable GTP analog that protects proteins from proteolytic degradation.GTPγS tetralithium is involved in the detection of cells expressing recombinant receptors and endogenous receptors. GTPγS tetralithium is involved in the detection of GPCR signaling in cells expressing recombinant receptors as well as in cells and tissues expressing endogenous receptors, and can be assayed to measure agonist-induced desensitization of two human polymorphic α2B-adrenoceptor variants.

MB327, a bipyridine nonoxime compound, enhances neuromuscular function by restoring the activity of nicotinamide acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) against carbachol desensitization through a typical type II PAM approach. Additionally, MB327 is effective in neutralizing nerve agent poisoning [1] [2].

DFPQ is a powerful and selective β-arrestin-biased negative allosteric modulator(NAM) targeting the β2-adrenergic receptor. It specifically inhibits the interaction of β-arrestin with β2AR without altering β-agonist-induced cAMP production. Additionally, DFPQ reduces functional desensitization of the β2AR in airway smooth muscle, enhancing β-agonists' capacity to maintain bronchorelaxation and curbing cell migration during prolonged β-agonist treatment.

Rediocide A, an insecticide, can inhibit calcium mobilization in Drosophila G-protein- coupled receptors (GPCR)s other than methuselah, it can induce GPCR desensitization and internalization, and such effects are mediated by the activation of conventional

Non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist; selectively inhibits nicotinic-stimulated catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons (IC50 ~ 200 nM). Blocks nicotinic-induced cationic signaling (IC50 ~ 200 - 250 nM) and inhi

Chromostatin bovine, a chromogranin A (CGA) derivative peptide, inhibits potassium- or carbamoylcholine-induced catecholamine release with an ID50 of 5 nM, reduces calcium flux, enhances the desensitization process of the cholinergic-evoked secretory response, and modulates the endocrine response associated with catecholamine [1].

Myr-Arf1(2–17) is a myristoylated peptide utilized to simulate the localization and function of the Arf1 protein on the cell membrane. This compound is also employed in investigating the desensitization mechanisms of the luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LH CGR).