channels

Ziconotide Acetate (107452-89-1 free base) (Prialt) is an analgesic agent and has been used to treat neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. Ziconotide Acetate (107452-89-1 free base) acts by binding to N-type calcium channels situated on the terminal part of primary afferent neurons of the nociceptive pathway therefore reducing synaptic transmission with potent antinociceptive effects.

D-GsMTx4 TFA, a selective spider venom peptide, is a TRPC1 6 and Piezo2 inhibitor that inhibits cation-permeable mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) belonging to the Piezo and TRP channel families, blocks cation-selective stretch-activated channels (SACs), and attenuates lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced astrocyte toxicity and microglia reactivity. toxicity and microglia reactivity.D-GsMTx4 TFA prevented myocardial infarction in a mouse model of ischemia reperfusion and can be used to characterize the role of excitatory MSCs in normal physiology and pathology.

GsMTx4 TFA (1209500-46-8 free base) is a spider venom peptide that selectively inhibits cation permeable mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) belonging to the Piezo and TRP channel families.

Apamin acetate (Apamine acetate) is a selective Ca2+-activated blocker of K+ (SK) channels, an 18-amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in bee toxins.Apamin acetate enhances synapse growth and regeneration following laceration injury to cortical neurons.Apamin acetate has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.

Potent and reversible Kv3.4 potassium channel blocker (IC50 = 47 nM); also attenuates inactivation of sodium currents by acting on Nav1.7 and Nav1.3 channels. Enhances TTX-sensitive sodium currents in rat small dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuroprotective.

Potent rat Nav1.7, human Nav1.4 and rat Nav1.6 channel activator (EC50 values are 7, 10 and 47 nM, respectively). Exhibits minimal activation at mammalian Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.5 (EC50 values >3 μM). Inhibits fast inactivation on all channels. Increases

CALP3 TFA is a potent Ca2+ channel blocker that activates EF-hand motifs of Ca2+-binding proteins. It can functionally mimic increased [Ca2+]i by modulating the activity of Calmodulin, Ca2+ channels, and pumps.

Oligopeptide-68 Acetate is a peptide. It is a novel whitening ingredient that mimics the binding of TGF-β to cell surface receptors to reduce induced and hereditary pigmentation by inhibiting MITF intramolecular channels to achieve whitening and brightening effects.

Apamin (Apamine) is an 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom) that selectively blocks Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity. This component of bee venom is strongly basic in nature.

Tertiapin-Q acetate is a bee toxin derivative that inhibits BK-type K(+) channels in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibits efflux to K(+).

Calciseptine, a neurotoxin isolated from the Black Mamba (Dendroaspis p. polylepis) venom, comprises 60 amino acids and is stabilized by four disulfide bonds. It specifically targets and blocks L-type calcium channels [1].

Hemitoxin, a scorpion-venom peptide, acts as a K+ channel blocker, selectively inhibiting rat Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.3 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes, with IC50 values of 13 nM, 16 nM, and 2 nM, respectively [1].

TAT-Gap19 TFA, a Cx mimetic peptide and specific connexin43 hemichannel (Cx43 HC) inhibitor, does not inhibit corresponding Cx43 gap junction channels (GJCs). It crosses the blood-brain barrier and has shown efficacy in alleviating liver fibrosis in mice [1] [2] [3].

Phrixotoxin 2 selectively blocks the KV 4.2 and KV 4.3 channels, demonstrating high specificity in its interaction with these voltage-gated ion channels [1].

Tamapin TFA, a venom peptide isolated from the Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) [1], selectively targets and blocks small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels, particularly the SK2 subtype (Potassium Channel). It is known to inhibit SK channel-mediated currents in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

μ-Conotoxin Sx IIIA is a bioactive peptide that blocks NaV1.4 channels.

Jingzhaotoxin-X (JZTX-X) selectively inhibits Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 potassium channels, resulting in prolonged mechanical hyperalgesia [1].

Imperatoxin A, a peptide toxin sourced from the African scorpion Pandinus imperator, functions as an activator of Ca2+-release channels ryanodine receptors (RyRs), facilitating increased Ca2+ flow from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cell [1].

Huwentoxin I (HWTX-I) is a peptide toxin that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and N-type calcium channels. It effectively blocks sodium channels in rat hippocampus and cockroach dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, with IC50 values of 66.1 nM and 4.80 nM, respectively [1].

Aam-KTX, a toxic peptide sourced from Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom, acts as a selective K_v channel inhibitor, exhibiting IC_50 values of 1.1 nM for K_v1.3 channels and >750 nM for K_v1.1 channels. This compound shows promise for research in autoimmune diseases [1].

VSTx-3 is a potassium voltage-gated channel (K_V) blocker, which has also been shown to be a potent tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-sensitive) sodium channel inhibitor, with particular efficacy against NaV1.8 channels, as evidenced by its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC_50) values of 0.19 μM for hNaV1.3, 0.43 μM for hNaV1.7, and 0.77 μM for hNaV1.8 channels.

Poneratoxin acetate is the acetate form of Poneratoxin. It acts as a modulator of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV, with EC50 values for NaV1.6 of 97 nM and 2.3 µM). This compound reduces the activation voltage threshold and inhibits channel inactivation, thereby enhancing neuronal excitability and contributing to the transmission of pain signals.

Zifogaptide is a modulator of gap junction protein channels (gap junction proteinchannel) and shows potential for diabetes research.

Apamin TFA (Apamine TFA) is a toxin found in bee venom. It is a potent blocker of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK, KCa2) channels that is more effective at SK2 than SK1 and SK3.