cell surface proteins

TAPI1 (TAPI) , an ADAM17 TACE inhibitor, inhibits shedding of cytokine receptors.

Glutathione arsenoxide hydrochloride (Glutathione arsenoxide hydrochloride(1271726-51-2 Free base)) is a potentially active anti-cancer molecule and inhibitor of tumour metabolism. glutathione arsenoxide hydrochloride targets the mitochondrial inner membrane adenine nucleotidyl transferase (ANT), which inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Glutathione arsenoxide hydrochloride can be used to recognize cell surface proteins such as protein disulfide isomerases.

Heparan sulfate is a natural product, a linear polysaccharide. Heparan sulfate occurs as a proteoglycan (HSPG) that is tightly attached to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins.

Sulfo-NHS-Biotin (Biotin-NHS) is a water-soluble biotinylation reagent used in Biotin-Streptavidin binding reactions. Sulfo-NHS-Biotin is particularly useful for targeting cell surface proteins in Streptavidin-Biotin assays. It can be used for protein detection or immobilization when used in conjunction with streptavidin and Immobilized Streptavidin.

BS2G crosslinker (Bis[Sulfosuccinimidyl] glutarate) is an amine reactive, water-soluble, isofunctional protein crosslinker. The molecule is impenetrable to cell membranes and can be used to label cell surface proteins.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed by non-enzymatic chemical reactions following the bonding of sugars to proteins or lipids during diabetes, uremia, aging, rheumatic arthritis, and other conditions. A receptor for the AGEs (RAGE) binds certain members of this class to initiate cell signaling.[1][2] Pentosidine is a well-characterized natural AGE that is often used as a biomarker for the production of all AGEs. While pentosidine can be measured in urine, the majority of this AGE is catabolized before excretion.[3] Reference:[1]. Neeper, M., Schmidt, A.M., Brett, J., et al. Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins. The Journal of Biological Chemisty 267(21), 14998-15004 (1992).[2]. Brett, J., Schmidt, A.M., Yan, S.D., et al. Survey of the distribution of a newly characterized receptor for advanced glycation end products in tissues. American Journal of Pathology 143(6), 1699-1712 (1993).[3]. Miyata, T., Ueda, Y., Horie, K., et al. Renal catabolism of advanced glycation end products: The fate of pentosidine. Kidney International 53, 416-422 (1998).

Lifitegrast sodium (SAR-1118-023 sodium) is a small molecule integrin antagonist that inhibits T cell-mediated inflammation by blocking the binding of two important cell surface proteins (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1), which reduces inflammation of the ocular surface, and may be used in the study of dry eye.

Ganglioside GM1is a monosialylated ganglioside and the prototypic ganglioside for those containing one sialic acid residue.1,2It is found in a large variety of cells, including immune cells and neurons, and is enriched in lipid rafts in the cell membrane.3It associates with growth factor receptors, including TrkA, TrkB, and the GDNF receptor complex containing Ret and GFRα, and is required for TrkA expression on the cell surface. Ganglioside GM1interacts with other proteins to increase calcium influx, affecting various calcium-dependent processes, including inducing neuronal outgrowth during differentiation. Ganglioside GM1acts as a receptor for cholera toxin, which binds to its oligosaccharide group, facilitating toxin cell entry into epithelial cells of the jejunum.4,5Similarly, it is bound by the heat-labile enterotoxin fromE. coliin the pathogenesis of traveler's diarrhea.6Ganglioside GM1gangliosidosis, characterized by a deficiency in GM1-β-galactosidase, the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM1, leads to accumulation of the gangliosides GM1and GA1in neurons and can be fatal in infants.1Levels of ganglioside GM1are decreased in the substantia nigra pars compacta in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson's disease.3Ganglioside GM1mixture contains a mixture of ovine ganglioside GM1molecular species with primarily C18:0 fatty acyl chain lengths, among various others. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1544] 1.Kolter, T.Ganglioside biochemistryISRN Biochem.506160(2012) 2.Mocchetti, I.Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophinsCell Mol. Life Sci.62(19-20)2283-2294(2005) 3.Ledeen, R.W., and Wu, G.The multi-tasked life of GM1 ganglioside, a true factotum of natureTrends Biochem. Sci.40(7)407-418(2015) 4.Turnbull, W.B., Precious, B.L., and Homans, S.W.Dissecting the cholera toxin-ganglioside GM1 interaction by isothermal titration calorimetryJ. Am. Chem. Soc.126(4)1047-1054(2004) 5.Blank, N., Schiller, M., Krienke, S., et al.Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside GM1Immunol. Cell Biol.85(5)378-382(2007) 6.Minke, W.E., Roach, C., Hol, W.G., et al.Structure-based exploration of the ganglioside GM1 binding sites of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin for the discovery of receptor antagonistsBiochemistry38(18)5684-5692(1999)

SNOB 1 Reagent is a biotinylated probe for detecting S-nitrosylated proteins in a single step. S-Nitrosylated binding (SNOB) proceeds rapidly on surface proteins or cell lysates under normal physiological conditions. Proteins tagged with SNOB 1 Reagent can be analyzed using avidin-linked probes (e.g., by immunoblot) or by mass spectrometry.

The Staphylococcus aureus transpeptidase Sortase A (SrtA) anchors virulence and colonization-associated surface proteins to the cell wall. SrtA selectively recognizes a C-terminal LPXTG motif. SrtA readily reacts with its native substrate Abz-LPETG-Dap(DN

Sulfo-egs crosslinker or ethylene glycol bis (sulfosuccinimide succinate) is a water-soluble isofunctional crosslinker that is not permeable to cell membranes and can be used to label cell surface proteins.

HA-14-1, a small molecule, binds the surface pocket of Bcl-2 proteins (IC50= ~ 9 µM), including Bcl-xl and Bcl-W, and disrupts their interaction with the Bak peptide. This action induces apoptosis by activating Apaf-1 and caspase-9 and -3. Additionally, HA-14-1 effectively induces apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia (HL-60) cells, with a 50 µM concentration resulting in a 90% loss of cell viability.

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins, important regulators of development, bind the cell-surface protein Patched, allowing activation of Smoothened. In vertebrates, this ultimately leads to the activation of the zinc-finger transcription factors of the Gli family. Overactivation of this pathway contributes to certain cancers, including glioblastoma, for which the Gli proteins are named. Hh antagonist VIII is a cell-permeable quinazolinyl-urea compound that has been shown to inhibit Gli transcription activity with an IC50 value of 70 nM.

Influenza hemagglutinin is a type of hemagglutinin found on the surface of the influenza viruses. It is an antigenic glycoprotein. It is responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected. Influenza hemagglutinin proteins bind to cells w

Nephrin is a cell surface signaling receptor protein that regulates podocyte function and plays a role in β-cell survival signaling; it is a protein necessary for the proper functioning of the renal filtration barrier. Nephrin belongs to a family of highl

Mardepodect hydrochloride (Mardepodect HCl) is an orally active, selective and potent inhibitor of PDE10A that crosses the blood-brain barrier (IC50: 0.37 nM).Mardepodect hydrochloride up-regulates the expression of proteins encoding specific growth and transcription factors, cell signalling molecules and cell surface proteins. Mardepodect hydrochloride upregulates genes encoding specific growth factors, transcription factors, cell signalling molecules, and cell surface proteins, while downregulating a broad spectrum of cell cycle and apoptosis-related genes.

Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin, or Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(biotinamido) Hexanoate, is a long-chain water-soluble biotinylating agent that targets cell surface proteins and is reactive to primary amine groups.