cd4+/cd8+

Dazostinag disodium (TAK-676) is a synthetic novel interferon gene (STING) agonist that triggers STING signaling pathway activation and type I interferon activation. Dazostinag disodium (TAK-676) is also a highly effective immune system modulator with complete resolution and lasting memory of T cell immunity and the ability to promote lasting interferon-dependent anti-tumor immune responses.

Firategrast (SB 683699) is an orally active and specific α4β1 α4β7 integrin antagonist that reduces the transport of lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) and decreases multiple sclerosis (MS) activity. It is used in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, associated with modest reductions in CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocyte counts in cerebrospinal fluid.

Sodium taurocholate (Taurocholate Sodium) hydrate is the main end product of cholesterol catabolism. During enterohepatic circulation, bile taurocholic acid is converted by the microorganisms to taurodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid.[3] These are reabsorbed by the liver via a carrier-mediated process and converted by liver enzymes to taurocholic acid.

DSPE-PEG(2000)-mannose, a pegylated and mannosylated derivative of 1,2-DSPE, has been employed in both in vitro and in vivo studies for delivering peptides, oligodeoxynucleotides, and siRNA via liposomes and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Fluorescently labeled LNPs containing DSPE-PEG(2000)-mannose predominantly accumulate in the liver and spleen of mice, significantly more so than in the brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, and pancreas. In immunization studies, liposomes encapsulating Human Papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E7 peptides with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as an adjuvant led to reduced tumor volume and decreased numbers of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells and angiogenesis within tumors in a mouse lung cancer model using TC-1 cells.

STAT3-IN-40 (Compound 8b) is an anticancer agent. It initiates immune responses in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes by inhibiting the expression and phosphorylation of STAT3, and induces ferroptosis and apoptosis in tumor cells. STAT3-IN-40 is valuable for research into cancer chemoimmunotherapy drugs.

CAY10774 is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (IC50= 15 nM in a homologous time-resolved fret (HTRF) assay).1It increases the activation of Jurkat cells expressing PD-1 in co-culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) expressing PD-L1 (EC50= 6.6 μM in a reporter assay). CAY10774 increases surface expression of PD-1 on primary human CD4+and CD8+T cells co-cultured with aAPCs. 1.Konieczny, M., Musielak, B., Kocik, J., et al.Di-bromo-based small-molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpointJ. Med. Chem.63(19)11271-11285(2020)

Efineptakin alfa (NT-17), a long-acting recombinant human interleukin-7 (IL-7), promotes the proliferation and survival of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in both humans and mice. It has applications in glioblastoma research [1].

Ivuxolimab, an OX40 (also known as CD134; TNFRSF4) agonist monoclonal antibody, targets a costimulatory receptor found on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. It demonstrates antitumor properties and may exhibit immunostimulatory activity [1].

CFP10 (71–85) is an immunologically active peptide that induces IFN-γ production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from individuals with diverse MHC class II and I expression profiles.

S1PL-IN-31 is a dual-function chemical compound acting as an inhibitor of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase with an IC50 value of 210 nM and as an antagonist of the Smoothened (Smo) receptor with an IC50 of 440 nM. Demonstrating therapeutic potential, this compound, at a dosage of 2 mg/kg per day, effectively mitigates cervical and thoracic lymphocyte infiltration and neuromuscular weakness in rats suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition triggered by the MOG29-152 peptide from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Additionally, it significantly decreases the total lymphocyte count, including reductions in subsets of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells. At a higher dosage of 100 mg/kg, S1PL-IN-31 elevates S1P levels within the heart and lymph nodes, while doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg per day notably lower heart rates in female rats, showcasing its multifaceted biological impacts and potential for clinical application.

AKP-11 is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist with an EC50 of 0.047 μM for [35S]GTPγS binding to CHO-K1 cell membranes expressing human S1P1. It reduces S1P1 surface expression and enhances Akt and ERK phosphorylation in CHO cells with S1P1-HA at a 100 nM concentration. At doses of 1.3 and 3 mg kg, AKP-11 lowers IFN-γ and IL-17 protein levels in the spinal cord and mitigates disease severity in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Additionally, it decreases peripheral total lymphocyte and specific T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD26L+ T cells) counts in both EAE rats and healthy controls at a 1.3 mg kg dosage.

KHK-6 is an inhibitor of serine threonine kinase hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK 1), with an IC50 of 20 nM. This compound enhances cytokine production induced by CD3 CD28 and upregulates the expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR markers on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, KHK-6 augments the T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against SKOV3 and A549 cells.

Influenza A NP (383-391) (HLA-B27) is a peptide sequence derived from tetanus toxin. It serves as an epitope for CD4+ T helper cells, exhibiting broad immunogenic properties that enhance the response of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Additionally, this compound is utilized in the research of breast cancer.

PD-1 PD-L1 inhibitory peptide C8 disrupts the PD-1 PD-L1 interaction, leading to the activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and an increase in IFN-γ secretion. In mouse models, PD-1 PD-L1 inhibitory peptide C8 has demonstrated antitumor activity.