artificial

Saccharin (O-Sulfobenzimide) is a flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.

Carmoisine (Azo Rubine) is a food dye Azorubine and is used for the purposes where food is heat-treated after fermentation.

4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside (PNP-alpha-D-Gal) is an artificial substrate of 4-nitrophenyl (pNP) glycopyranoside used for detecting α-galactosidase activity. The amount of released pNP increases significantly when PNP-alpha-D-Gal is used as a substrate.

Aspartame (SC-18862), an artificial, non-carbohydrate sweetener, is aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester.

Acesulfame potassium is a non-nutritive sweetener.

Cyclamic acid (NSC-220327) is an artificial sweetening agent, usually employed as Na or Ca salt (cyclamate). Use suspended in some countries, including USA, because of possible weak carcinogenic activity (disputed).

Sucralose is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener and sugar substitute that stimulates appetite in rodents by activating a conserved neural fasting response.

Naringin dihydrochalcone (Naringin DC) is an inhibitor of CYP enzymes, used as an artificial sweetener.

Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone (Neohesperidin DC) is an artificial sweetener derived from citrus.

Neotame (HSDB 7965) is a white-colored, dipeptide methyl ester, which is found to be a highly potent and non-nutritive sweetener or flavour enhancer and hence finds applications in a variety of foods.

Cyclamic acid sodium (Cyclohexylsulfamicacidsodium) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners in food and pharmaceuticals.Cyclamic acid sodium shows moderate anticonvulsant activity in a maximal electroshock convulsive seizure model.Cyclamic acid sodium is used in cancer research.

Perfluorodecalin (PFD) is a chemically and biologically inert biomaterial, hydrophobic and radiolucent, used as artificial blood. Perfluorodecalin enhances bone regeneration and cell viability.

Levomefolate calcium, an artificial form of folate, is a coenzymated form of folic acid that offers a more bioavailable alternative in dietary supplements.

Saccharin sodium is a type of artificial or nonnutritive sweetener. Saccharin sodium is used in the production of various foods and pharmaceutical products.

GLN51108 is a synthetic porphyrin derivative primarily used to initiate artificial photosynthesis and induce apoptosis. Additionally, GLN51108 is also employed in catalytic heterogeneous oxidation.

Quingestrone is a synthetic progestogen with anti-inflammatory properties. As an artificial form of progesterone, it is used in the medical field to alleviate inflammation.

Dioleoyl phosphatidylserine is a lipid under investigation, primarily used to study the assembly and long-term stability of solid-supported lipid bilayers formed from artificial and natural lipid mixtures.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate is a synthetic plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used in the synthesis of artificial leather films and rubber.

Aspartame acesulfame, as an artificial sweetener, is 350 times sweeter than sucrose.

Dalapon is a selective herbicide used to control perennial grasses. The major use of dalapon is on food crops including sugarcane and sugar beets. Its use is no longer authorized in France. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the

Ethyl aspartylphenylalaninate is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute.

Vanilmandelic acid, L-(+)- is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. It is produced via intermediary metabolites.

CAY10774 is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (IC50= 15 nM in a homologous time-resolved fret (HTRF) assay).1It increases the activation of Jurkat cells expressing PD-1 in co-culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) expressing PD-L1 (EC50= 6.6 μM in a reporter assay). CAY10774 increases surface expression of PD-1 on primary human CD4+and CD8+T cells co-cultured with aAPCs. 1.Konieczny, M., Musielak, B., Kocik, J., et al.Di-bromo-based small-molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpointJ. Med. Chem.63(19)11271-11285(2020)

Gramicidin A is a peptide antibiotic isolated from B. brevis.Gramicidin A is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ion carrier that forms monovalent cation-permeable channels in artificial membranes.Gramicidin A induces the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and reduces the growth of a mouse xenograft model of human renal cell carcinoma. Gramicidin A has antibacterial, antimalarial and hemolytic activities.