anti-prostate

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

2,2,5,7,8-Pentamethyl-6-Chromanol (PMC) is the antioxidant component of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and exhibits significant androgen receptor (AR) signaling modulation and anti-cancer activity against prostate cancer cell lines.

Silibinin (Silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins. Silibinin has also demonstrated in vitro anti-cancer effects against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast carcinoma cells, human ectocervical carcinoma cells, human colon cancer cells, and both small and nonsmall human lung carcinoma cells.

Amygdalin (Laetrile) has antifibrotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, amygdalin joint HSYA could inhibit the degeneration of the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and better than the single use of Amygdalin or HSYA. Amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by caspase-3 activation through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax.

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Lupeol (Monogynol B) is a novel androgen receptor inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

1. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) has antiviral activity, including anti-HIV-1 integrase activity. 2. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) shows anti-hepatotoxic activity.

Carvone is a natural ketone monoterpene with pharmacological effects including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antispasmodic properties.

Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium. Vicenin 2 is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, PTP1B, and RLAR. Vicenin 2 has hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and DTL co-administration is more effective than either of the single agents in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Vicenin 2 might be a useful lead for the development of multiple target-oriented therapeutic modalities for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications. Vicenin 2 could act as a UV light barrier to protect the plants.

D-Allose (β-D-Allopyranose) is a rare naturally occurring monosaccharide known to exert anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. The effects of D-Allose on the cellular membranes of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line (DU145), hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP), and normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) were studied at the molecular level by phospholipid profiling using a shotgun lipidomic method.

1. Agrimol B is a main active ingredient isolated from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.

Campesterol ((24R)-5-Ergosten-3β-ol) is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions.

1. Flavokawain B (Flavokavain B) has potent anti-inflammatory activity, can significantly inhibit production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. 2. Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. 3. Flavokawain B induces apoptosis, has the potential usefulness of FKB for prevention and treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer in an adjuvant setting. 4. Flavokawain B acts through ROS generation and GADD153 up-regulation to regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family members, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HCT116 cells.

Ophiopogonin D(OPD) significantly inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth of prostate cells via RIPK1, OPD may be developed as a potential anti-prostate cancer agent.

Genkwadaphnin, a daphnane diterpenoid, targets importin-β1, reducing the nuclear accumulation of CRPC drivers and suppressing downstream oncogenic signaling. Demonstrating potent anti-tumor effects, it inhibits castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in vivo in mice [1].

Isosilybin A is a partial PPARγ agonist, it significantly induced ABCA1 protein expression, it inhibited both monophenolase (IC50=1.7-7.6μM) and diphenolase (IC50=12.1-44.9μM) of tyrosinase. Isosilybin A shows anti-angiogenic efficacy, it has anti-prostate cancer (PCA) activity that is mediated via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.

Isosilybin B is a flavonolignan extracted from silymarin that exhibits anti-prostate cancer (PCA) activity, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and contributes to G1-phase blockade and apoptosis.Isosilybin B induces degradation of the androgen receptor.

Licoricidin, is a potent anti-metastatic agent, which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of malignant prostate cancer cells.

Cycloartane-3,24,25-triol has potential for development as an anti-cancer agent against prostate cancer. It reduces the viability of PC-3 and DU145 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.226 ± 0.28 μM and 1.67 ± 0.18 μM respectively.

(E)-6-O-(p-coumaroyl)scandoside methyl ester shows moderate anti-proliferation effect on PC3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.

Astragenol is an intermediate for the synthesis of astragenel derivatives. Astragenol derivatives are promising anti-inflammatory drugs in prostate cancer research.

Melicopine is an alkaloid found in Z. simulans, known for its antimalarial and anticancer properties. It inhibits P. falciparum strains, including chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 (IC50 of 29.7 µg mL) and chloroquine-resistant Dd2 (IC50 of 33.7 µg mL). Additionally, Melicopine exhibits cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells PC-3M (IC50 of 47.9 µg mL) and LNCaP (IC50 of 37.8 µg mL), but it is inactive in non-cancerous HEK293 cells (IC50 greater than 100 µg mL). Melicopine holds potential for research in anticancer and anti-infective applications.