Anti-infection

Niranthin is a potent anti-leishmanial agent, inhibits the relaxation activity of heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase of L. donovani and acts as a non-competitive inhibitor interacting with both subunits of the enzyme. Niranthin also exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus, antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions.

Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone) exhibits potent antioxidant and antiradical activities, effectively inhibiting EYPC membrane lipid peroxidation and HbA glycosylation.

(+)-Aromadendrene is a natural product that has significant antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Quercimeritrin (Quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) has antibacterial activity, it shows promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

2-Desoxy-4-epi-pulchellin has potent in vitro cytotoxicities against the K562, MCF-7, Hela, DU145, U937, H1975, SGC-7901, A549, MOLT-4, and HL60 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.10 to 46.7uM, while it shows significant antiviral (H1N1 and H3N2) activities, it also displays significant antimycobacterial activity (IC50=7.6 uM).

Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. It exhibits antioxidative and antifungal activities, and also inhibits tyrosinase, α±-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Licoflavone B has schistosomicidal activity, it showed high S. mansoni ATPase (IC50 of 23.78 μM) and ADPase (IC50 of 31.50 μM) inhibitory activities.

Isoschaftoside is used as an intercrop due to its allelopathic inhibition of parasitism by Striga hermonthica, an obligate parasitic weed that can devastate the maize crop. Isoschaftoside has anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, it also possesses strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita.

Vincetoxicoside B, isolated from Polygonum paleaceum Wall. Vincetoxicoside B , quercetin, kaempferol , and (-)-epicatechin show synergistic antifungal activities with the FICI values <0.5.

Eurycomalactone is a natural product isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack., acts as a potent NF-κB inhibitor( IC50 of 0.5 μM). Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis, depletes cyclin D1, but does not affect TNFα-induced degradation of IκBα or the phosphorylation of IKKα β and IκBα.

Pimpinellin is a natural product that acts as antagonist of proteins with GABA receptor activity.

Brevilin A is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Centipeda minima, inhibits janus kinase activity and blocks STAT3 signaling in cancer cells with anti-tumor activity. Brevilin A is a selective inhibitor of JAK-STAT signal pathway by attenuating the JAKs activity and blocking STAT3 signaling (IC50 = 10.6 μM) in Cancer Cells.Brevilin A induces apoptosis and autophagy via mitochondrial pathway and PI3K AKT mTOR inactivation in colon adenocarcinoma cell CT26.antitumour

Cefotaxime is an inhibitor of penicillin binding protein.

Persicogenin has anticancer, antimutagenic, and antileishmanial activities, it can inhibit the proliferation of mouse tsFT210 cancer cells, it mainly inhibits cell cycle at the G2 M phase in a dose-dependent manner.

5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin shows antifungal activity.

Dictamine (Dectamine) shows anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, mutagenic, and has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. It has the ability to exert cytotoxicity in human cervix, colon, and oral carcinoma cells.

Myristicin (Myristicine) is a natural product found in spices and umbelliferous plants. Myristicin has anti-cholinergic, Antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects, it also has anti-inflammatory properties related with its inhibition of NO, cytokines,chemokines, and growth factors in dsRNA-stimulated macrophages via the calcium pathway. Myristicin can induce Apoptosis as characterised by alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, Caspase-3 activation, PARP-cleavage and DNA fragmentation.

Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside (Kaempferol 3-O-beta-sophoroside) has antibacterial and antiviral activities.

Penicillin G potassium (Benzylpenicillin potassium) is the potassium salt form of penicillin G, a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.

Piperlonguminine, an alkaloid amide isolated from the Piper species, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-platelet, anti-melanogenic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. It inhibits Akt mTOR signaling, promotes autophagy, and mediates cancer cell death.

Vasicine is oxytocic and abortifacient agents.Vasicine, a potential natural cholinesterase inhibitor, has been in development for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Vasicine can regulate the inflammatory reaction, have great potentials to develop safe medi

Octahydrocurcumin has antioxidant and and anti-inflammatory activities, it can inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response via the mechanism of inhibiting NF-kB translocation to the nucleus. Octahydrocurcumin exhibits potent cytotoxic effect (IC50 =19.46 ug mL) and shows high antimicrobial activity.

Fuziline is a diterpene alkaloid found in Aconitum kusnezoffii and Aconitum carmichaelii.It is functionally related to an aconitane.

Paulownin, a furofuran lignan from Paulownia tomentosa,has the action of anti-inflammation,analgesia,immunity,hypoglycemia and has little toxicity.