Anti-infection

Niranthin is a potent anti-leishmanial agent, inhibits the relaxation activity of heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase of L. donovani and acts as a non-competitive inhibitor interacting with both subunits of the enzyme. Niranthin also exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus, antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions.

Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone) exhibits potent antioxidant and antiradical activities, effectively inhibiting EYPC membrane lipid peroxidation and HbA glycosylation.

(+)-Aromadendrene is a natural product that has significant antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Quercimeritrin (Quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) has antibacterial activity, it shows promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. It exhibits antioxidative and antifungal activities, and also inhibits tyrosinase, α±-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Isoschaftoside is used as an intercrop due to its allelopathic inhibition of parasitism by Striga hermonthica, an obligate parasitic weed that can devastate the maize crop. Isoschaftoside has anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, it also possesses strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita.

Vincetoxicoside B, isolated from Polygonum paleaceum Wall. Vincetoxicoside B , quercetin, kaempferol , and (-)-epicatechin show synergistic antifungal activities with the FICI values <0.5.

Persicogenin has anticancer, antimutagenic, and antileishmanial activities, it can inhibit the proliferation of mouse tsFT210 cancer cells, it mainly inhibits cell cycle at the G2 M phase in a dose-dependent manner.

Dictamine (Dectamine) shows anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, mutagenic, and has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. It has the ability to exert cytotoxicity in human cervix, colon, and oral carcinoma cells.

Myristicin (Myristicine) is a natural product found in spices and umbelliferous plants. Myristicin has anti-cholinergic, Antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects, it also has anti-inflammatory properties related with its inhibition of NO, cytokines,chemokines, and growth factors in dsRNA-stimulated macrophages via the calcium pathway. Myristicin can induce Apoptosis as characterised by alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, Caspase-3 activation, PARP-cleavage and DNA fragmentation.

Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside (Kaempferol 3-O-beta-sophoroside) has antibacterial and antiviral activities.

Penicillin G potassium (Benzylpenicillin potassium) is the potassium salt form of penicillin G, a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.

Piperlonguminine, an alkaloid amide isolated from the Piper species, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-platelet, anti-melanogenic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. It inhibits Akt mTOR signaling, promotes autophagy, and mediates cancer cell death.

Octahydrocurcumin has antioxidant and and anti-inflammatory activities, it can inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response via the mechanism of inhibiting NF-kB translocation to the nucleus. Octahydrocurcumin exhibits potent cytotoxic effect (IC50 =19.46 ug mL) and shows high antimicrobial activity.

Fuziline is a diterpene alkaloid found in Aconitum kusnezoffii and Aconitum carmichaelii.It is functionally related to an aconitane.

Paulownin, a furofuran lignan from Paulownia tomentosa,has the action of anti-inflammation,analgesia,immunity,hypoglycemia and has little toxicity.

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone (Desmethylbellidifolin) is a natural xanthone extracted from Gentianella acuta, exhibiting antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dimethylbellidifolin shows mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97, and TA2637 by the preincubation method and significantly inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at a dose of 200 µg disk.

2-(Hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone exhibits strong activity against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 at 0.01 mg disc.

Bacopasaponin C may have antioxidant activity, it also shows anti-leishmanial property.

8-Epidiosbulbin E acetate exhibits broad-spectrum plasmid-curing activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Isoforsythiaside has antioxidant, and antibacterial activities.

Antibacterial agent 27 has potent anti-Candida activity.

Evocarpine shows antimycobacterial, and vasorelaxant effects, it can inhibit Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels.

Nevadensin is an important herb-based constituent inhibiting estragole bioactivation. Nevadensin protects against a methyleugenol-induced marker of hepatocarcinogenicity in male F344 rat. It also exhibits inhibition activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with equal MIC value of 200 microg mL.