vsmc

N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) is a reagent for alkylation of free sulfhydryl groups, a cysteine protease inhibitor used in experimental biochemistry. N-Ethylmaleimide is also a deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor that specifically inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria.

740 Y-P (740YPDGFR) is a potent and cell-permeable activator of PI3K.

CGP48369 is a potent angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive effects that enhances endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HD-003) is an antioxidant potentially for the treatment of renal failure. A creatinine metabolite, 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin , a hydroxyl radical scavenger, has previously been shown to confer renoprotection by inhibiting the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin is a novel anti-oxidant drug completely suppressed the expression of B2-kinin receptors (B2KR) in response to high glucose (25 mM) stimulation in VSMC and was also shown to attenuate the effects of BK on VSMC remodeling. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin inhibited the BK-induced increase in MAPK phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein levels in VSMC. These findings suggest that 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin may confer vascular protection against high glucose concentrations and BK-stimulation to ameliorate vascular injury and remodeling through its anti-oxidant properties.

3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

YS-49 is an activator of PI3K Akt (a downstream target of RhoA).

Clorgyline (M&B 9302), an irreversible and selective MAO-A inhibitor with the advantages of oral activity and blood-brain barrier permeability, has an antidepressant effect by structurally altering the enzyme through the formation of intermediate radical cations, and reduces 1% fbs-stimulated VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell) growth.

AUDA is an inhibitor of sEH(IC50 values of 18 and 69 nM for the mouse and human enzymes, respectively)

Adrenomedullin (rat), a potent vasodilator peptide, is secreted by both endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) [1].

POV-PC is an oxidized phospholipid that inhibits VSMC growth under high serum conditions and induces apoptosis under low serum conditions. POVPC reduces NO production and expression of CD31 and endothelial NOS, triggering ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells, promoting vascular calcification.

1. Corynoxeine is a potent ERK1 2 inhibitor of key PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and may be useful in the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases and restenosis after angioplasty.

Gentisin is a novel inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation with an IC50 value of 7.84 μM. Gentisin has mutagenic activity.

N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin, a polyphenol isolated from the seeds of safflower, exhibits antioxidant, cardioprotective effects after ischemia, and antitumor activity. It may improve vascular distensibility and reduce cardiovascular risk. N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin ameliorates atherosclerosis and distensibility of the aortic wall in vivo, and is commonly used in atherosclerosis research.

1. (2S)-Isoxanthohumol shows an antiviral activity towards herpes viruses (HSV1 and HSV2) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). 2. Isoxanthohumol is a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, seems to regulate in vivo vascular proliferation and stabilization and the EC-VSMC-inflammatory crosstalk.

Physalin B is one of the major active compounds from the Solanaceae family of plants and has a wide range of biological activities for the treatment of inflammatory eczema and herpes, among other diseases.Physalin B ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response due to acute lung injury by inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 through activation of the PI3K Akt pathway.Physalin B inhibits PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and phenotypic transformation through activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Physalin B inhibits PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation through activation of the Nrf2 pathway.Physalin B exerts antitumor activity by inhibiting LAP2α-HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of glioma-associated oncogene 1 and hepatic stellate cell activation.

Glabrene, Liquiritin apioside, neolicuroside, and 18α²-glycyrrhetic acid are the predominant phenolic derivatives partitioning at the interface and most likely the major contributors to the notable synergistic antioxidant activity when coupled with pea pr

YD-3 is a PAR4 antagonist that significantly inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in rabbits (IC(50)=28.3 microM). In addition, YD-3 suppresses thrombin-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and reduces neointimal thickening after balloon injury. Through Ras- and ERK1 2-mediated signaling pathways, YD-3 impedes thrombin-driven VSMC proliferation. When analyzed with Western blot, YD-3 primarily inhibits thrombin-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Flk-1) without affecting extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 2 phosphorylation. YD-3 could potentially have value in elucidating the pathophysiology of thrombin-induced angiogenesis.

YS-49 (monohydrate) is an isoquinoline compound alkaloid that functions as a PI3K Akt activator, specifically targeting a downstream effect of RhoA, to mitigate the activation of RhoA PTEN in 3-methylcholanthrene-treated cells. It also prevents the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by promoting the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Additionally, YS-49 exerts a significant positive inotropic effect by stimulating cardiac β-adrenoceptors, showcasing its multifaceted pharmacological activities [1] [2] [3].